Merit Pay For American Colleges And Universities - 4501 Words

A Review of Merit Pay in American Colleges and Universities Introduction American colleges and universities employ an impressive number of people in a wide-range of occupations. While universities have a number of goals and interests, the general assumption among most individuals is that universities have the sole purpose of teaching students and preparing them for success in the world. Given this line of thinking, one would be led to believe that professors and other academic instructors hold the majority of positions within an institution, but this would be incorrect. While the faculty do serve a critical function, their service to the students would not be possible without the various support services that exist throughout a college campus. To ensure these services are set up and provide the resources necessary to ensure the university is successful in its mission, colleges require a large number of employees, all working under unique job titles and classifications, to take on the responsibilities that come with working in an industry that generated mo re than $124 billion in 2001 alone (Lowenstein, 2001). A review of the human resources’ website of a college or university shows the diversity of jobs and positions within a university. These positions range from the seemingly obscure accountant, office manager, or plumber, to the traditional academic advisor, professor, and higher-level administration. As different as these positions may appear, they typically can beShow MoreRelatedEssay on Financial Aid: The Problem with Merit-Aid1393 Words   |  6 Pagesthis choice would impact southern dwelling African-Americans. The socioeconomic and cultural effects were great. The decision was made by many who were seeking a better life and new opportunities: two million African American migrants. Today, for many young African-Americans, pursuing the move from secondary education to collegiate education has those same benefits and more. Like the people of the Great Migration, today’s population of Black college seekers are fin ding that gaining access to theseRead MoreLegacy Admission Should Not Be Allowed Since World War I1477 Words   |  6 Pagesparticularly Jews. When it became harder to control Jewish enrollment, in 1920’s most respected universities such as Harvard, Yale and Princeton considered legacy status. Since then it has raised the concerns for lower class families who did not attend good universities and their children wanted to attend but ended up not getting admission. In 2003, Senator Edward Kennedy sought legislation to compel colleges to make public their data on legacy admissions. It didn’t pass due to higher education’s powerfulRead MoreAmerica Should Not Be Allowed Since World War I1525 Words   |  7 Pagesparticularly Jews. When it became harder to control Jewish enrollment, in 1920’s most respected universities such as Harvard, Yale and Princeton considered legacy status. Since then it has raised the concerns for lower class families who did not atte nd good universities and their children wanted to attend but ended up not getting admission. In 2003, Senator Edward Kennedy sought legislation to compel colleges to make public their data on legacy admissions. It didn’t pass due to higher education’s powerfulRead MoreMerit Pay For Teachers And Teachers1327 Words   |  6 Pages Merit Pay for Teachers President Barack Obama said in a recent speech that â€Å"The future belongs to the nation that best educates its citizens †¦ It is time to give all Americans a complete and competitive education† (Stout). His first point has become evident over time. The nations that best educate their children will have power in the future. He also mentions giving Americans a competitive education. This is referring to implementing a form of merit pay for teachers; paying bonuses to a teachers’Read More Affirmative Action Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pages Affirmative Action is defined by Websters New World College Dictionary as a policy or program for correcting the effects of discrimination in the employment or education of members of certain groups. The phrase affirmative action was coined by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 when he issued Executive Order 10925, initiating the Presidents Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson issue d Executive Order 11246. This order required federal contractors toRead MoreIs College An Option For All Students? Essay1655 Words   |  7 PagesProblem Solution Essay: Education The cost of college has only gone up at an astounding rate over the past decades, but the financial aid given out to high school students across America has not grown enough to compensate for that. The average cost of a four year degree has gone up a massive amount in the last 30 years, thus causing more and more students to lose hope of going to college. This increase, however, was not met with a substantial increase in aid given to students. A consequence ofRead MoreThe University Of Texas - Pan American1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe University of Texas - Pan American has been in operation since 1927, when it opened its doors with an inaugural class of just 20 students. Over the next 90 years, the university grew to become the tenth-largest public institution in the state of Texas, hosting more than 20,000 students who study fields like biology, business, and computer science at the school s Edinburg campus. The tremendous growth of this institution has seen it transition from the smallest public school in the state to oneRead MorePersuasive Essay : Free Tuition989 Words   |  4 Pages Free Tuition College is a very rewarding life choice for many people in the United States. It allows young adults to transition into adulthood with essential skills and knowledge to prosper in the work force. Giving the equal opportunity of secondary education to all Americans would be the most ideal situation. There would be an obvious increase of people educated adequately to make informed political, economical, and social decisions in our country. However, making college tuition completelyRead MoreAsian Students and Colleges Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan and all Japanese-Americans were forced to leave their lives behind and live on internment camps, setting back generations of progress (â€Å"Asian American History,† n.d.). Yet despite numerous roadblocks, the emphasis on hard work and education in most Asian cultures has allowed them to excel above and beyond expectations. On average, Asians score higher than any other race on the SAT (Washington, 2011). In highly selective High Schools that require application based on merit there is often an AsianRead MoreSchool Profile : University Of Notre Dame Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesSchool Profile: University of Notre Dame The University of Notre Dame is a Catholic college located in suburban Indiana. The historical campus is an astounding 1,250 acres large. The university was founded in the 1840s by a local priest. Today, many priests still serve as staff, teachers and leaders. Notre Dame is four-year University that is continuously ranked among the top universities in the country and the world. The university receives over $10 billion of endowment funding, so they are one

Analysis Of Adaptation Of The Military - 1111 Words

Adaptation in the military, especially during wartime, is a known need. The adage â€Å"no plan survives first contact† was not created because it sounds cool. It is an ominous warning that at some point while executing your plan, you will be faced with unanticipated and unplanned for situations to which you will have to adapt. Adaptation is a skill that must be attained, yet is very difficult to learn and even more difficult to achieve effectively. Every military organization, regardless of nationality, location, posture, etc., will be required to adapt and their ability to do so effectively may very well decide their success. Adaptation, by its very definition, requires something to change, to be altered or presented in another form. In order to have change, you must have something to change â€Å"from†, a normalcy, a standard or regular pattern, or as the military calls it, a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP’s). Tactically speaking, the use of SOP’s in the development of military organizations is what permits these organizations to develop an effective fighting force. The more knowledgeable and proficient an organization is of executing their SOP’s, the more tactically proficient they become. Through constant and persistent training in a benign environment, each person of the organization learns and understands their roles and responsibilities within the organization. Continued training leads to continued improvement and ultimately to mastery of theirShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The United States And Agriculture1301 Words   |  6 Pages Security The essential element needed for crops is water; used in agricultural development to flood the land and prep the soil. Water usage is an ongoing process for the United States Department of Agriculture Services and the future adaptation in climate change. As it is integrated with security by keeping America s farmers and ranchers in business, as they face the uncertainties of weather and markets. This equilibrium of safety and risk must be maintained, in order to provide stability and strengthRead MoreLessons Encountered : Learning From The Long War Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe National Defense University’s, Lessons Encountered: Learning from the Long War, provides a critical analysis from a strategic perspective on the wars in Iraq in Afghanistan. The study concluded that, â€Å"Neither national-level leaders nor field commanders fully understood the operational environment.† Indeed, Secretary Robert Gates stated, â€Å"our prospects in both countries were grimmer than perceived; our initial objectives were unrealistic†¦ [and] our knowledge and our intelligence were woefullyRead MoreGlobal market entry strategies are complex requiring consideration of many factors (Chen Mujtaba,700 Words   |  3 Pagesmarket entry modes (Chen Mujtaba, 2007, p. 322). In, â€Å"Competitive Market Choice Strategies in Multinational Marketing† the authors, Igal Ayal and Jehiel Zif borrow military terminology to classify alternative strategies and they also compare the areas of strategic decision marketing to the major components of the strategies of military battleground. They begin by giving three operational dimensions to the competitive aspects of market choice: 1. The first dimension is—Market concentration vs. marketRead MoreThe Epic Epics Of Antiquity880 Words   |  4 PagesToday’s social commentary becomes even more dynamic as we now also use visual mediums such as television and movies as ways to convey these stories and they often work in conjunction with literature via adaptations. Perhaps the greatest illustration of this cross market, storytelling are comic book adaptations as seen with the Marvel Cinematic Universe, which spans across not only movies, but has expanded to also include multiple television shows. Last April, Marvel’s years of story building that spreadRead MoreDesigning A Commander ( Cocom ) Theater Campaign Plans1273 Words   |  6 PagesOperational design can be a useful planning technique to develop Combatant Commander (COCOM) theater campaign plans. The utility in the process lies in the method of examining factors across the entire political, military, economic, infrastructure, and inform ation (PMESII) spheres to rapidly build awareness and assess risk. Operational design does present both utilities and handicaps in the development of COCOM theater campaign plans. If done correctly, operational design accurately describes theRead MoreAnalysis Of David Hanson s Carnage And Culture Essay1444 Words   |  6 Pages A sense of personal freedom, superior discipline, matchless weapons, egalitarian camaraderie, individual initiative, constant tactical adaptations, and flexibility, preference for shock battle of heavy infantry— were themselves the murderous dividend of Hellenic culture at large †¦ Yet for the past 2,500 years— even in the Dark Ages, well before the â€Å"Military Revolution,† and not simply as a result of the Renaissance, the European discovery of the Americas, or the Industrial Revolution— there hasRead MoreEvolution Of Spartan Strategy During The Peloponnesian War1150 Words   |  5 Pagesand its relevance despite 2400 years afterwards. This book is not only relevant for military science, but civil society too. However, this book provides broad and comprehensive details for all levels of military war: strategic, operational, and tactical. I will focus my paper to the military sphere, more particularly, to the evolution of Spartan strategy throughout the War. My intention is to do so through analysis of ends, ways, means, and merge them with related risk. The purpose of this paper isRead MoreVeterans Adapting to Civilian Life1226 Words   |  5 PagesThere has been a lot of recent attention in the media concerning veterans adapting to their new lives after military service. The essay probes three articles of various scholars in the field of media writing, nutrition, and psychology, using an analytical method, this essay examines the rhetorical appeals of scholarly reports that identify issues that affect veterans as they transit from military life to civilian life. For the purpose of this paper, three stories are considered: â€Å"War s Aftermath: EasingRead MoreCommunication And Political Behavior : An Organization For Management814 Words   |  4 Pagescovered in this discussion are in regards to communication and political behavior. The author describes the issues of downward communication and organizational politics as it relates to the business sector and personal knowledge. The contents of this analysis derive from the liberty university online library, textbook, audio class presentation, and a scripture with biblical insight and application. COMMUNICATION AND POWER Read MoreMexican Cultural Identity Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesan attempt will be made to explain culture further as well as consider the culture of Mexico by looking at the Mexican physical geography, military conflict history and their impact on the society, weather analysis, civil considerations, and an overview of the Mexican people. One’s identity are the groups he belongs to, whether by birth, achievement or adaptation. Some of the things that are influenced by the groups one belongs to include perceptions, attitudes, values, and beliefs. Examples of primary

The Safavid and Moghul Empire Free Essays

The Safavid Empire really put Iran on the map for their economic strength. The Safavid Empire was founded by the Safavids and covered all of Iran, parts of Turkey, and Georgia. The Shiite based empire lasted from 1501-1722. We will write a custom essay sample on The Safavid and Moghul Empire or any similar topic only for you Order Now The reason for their success was their locations on the trade routes. Shah Ismail, age 14 ruled from 1501 to 1524 and by 1510 he had conquered all of Iran. Shi’ism was introduced to Iran and many Sunni Muslims were murdered. But there was a positive side to their religion; the early Safavid Empire was a theocracy. Religious and political powers were all together. The Empire became rich because it was in the center of the trade route in the Ancient World. Shah Abbas was leader during the golden years of the Safavid Empire. Although he had a small army, they were well trained and had had the best weapons. With the help of the Europeans Shah Abbas had some success against the Ottoman Turks. After Shah Abbas died the Safavid Dynasty suffers and leaders lacked leadership skills. Afghan people invaded and seized the capital of the Safavid Empire and what is left of the Safavid dynasty falls apart. The Mogul Empire (also spelled Moghul or Mughal) was founded by Babur in 1526 and stretched from almost all of India and westward into Europe. Babur’s army was small, but had better weapons. Babur captured Delhi and conquered North India until he died in 1530. Akbar was Babur’s grandson son and was 14 when he took the throne. By 1605 Mogul ruled most of India. Akbar was a great negotiator, was lenient with different religions, and was very humane. He even married a Hindu woman. People had to pay 1/3 of their harvest every year to the state, but sometimes that tax might be lowered or excused. Trade and manufacturing flourished during this time. After Akbar died, Jahangir took over and continued to strengthen the central government. He convinced his wife to arrange a marriage with him son and her niece and he becomes the ruler after Jahangir. Shah Jahan could not deal with domestic problems and cost the Empire a lot of many. He had many expensive projects such as the Taj Mahal which was built for his favorite wife who dies while giving birth to her 14th child. The government had to raise taxes to pay for it. When Shah Jahan dies, his sons fight for power and one ends up killing another so the son Aurangzeb becomes king. He was a devout Muslim and forbade drinking, gambling, and prohibited the building of Hindu temples. As a result of this, people are unhappy and the Persians attack in 1739. The British arrived in the Mogul Empire and wanted to take over. Of course the British won and they had the right to collect taxes in areas surrounding the Calcutta. Muslim woman began to fight in battles and female relatives become advisors to leaders. Moguls brought together Indian and Persian cultures and influences. The Mogul and Safavids, although very different had many things in common. Both had important rulers who started their reign at 14. Both were of Islamic religion, and they both had small armies but advanced weapons. The rulers played a role in the Empire’s decline. Both started out as strong, wealthy empires and started to decline. And The Mogul and Safavid Empire had strong religious beliefs. How to cite The Safavid and Moghul Empire, Essay examples

Multinationals Global Headquarters

Questions: 1.What is the name of the multinational, the number of employees in and out of Australia and global headquarters?2.What are the regulatory framework/s affecting the multinational company?3.What are the treaties, conventions or agreements that have impacted on the products or services that multinational company provides in Australia? Answers: 1. This is an Anglo- Australian multinational company that deals with minerals, metals and petroleum products and is headquartered in Melbourne, Australia. In 2015, it was valued and measured as one of the biggest measured by market value terms. In revenue collection it is the fourth largest company in Australia mainly behind financial and banking sector companies. It operates in the industrial and mineral sector. It was created in 2001 when the merger between BHP an Australian Limited Company and Billiton plc was effected. It is also one of the largest companies in Australia by market capitalization. The two companies that merged were initially founded in the 1880s and therefore do have a rich history in mineral and petroleum excavation (Blackstone and Morrison, 2001). Billiton plc was founded and incorporated in 1860 while BHP was founded in 1885. The company share is listed in the London Stock Exchange and is also among the most traded in the FTSE 100. BHP Billiton has a corporate headquarters located at the CBD Melbourne at 171 Collins Street in Australia. The companies had seen considerable growth in the 90s. After merging, they combined their resources and expanded their mines from the usual mines in Europe and Australia and went global. They acquired mines and ores in South America, Asia and South Africa. The company has gone on to make many more subsidiaries. In the year ending August 2016, the company recorded it worst loss in the companys history posting a $6.4 billion dollars. It has therefore decided to concentrate more in petroleum business with many investments in the sector. In Australia the company has hired more than 20000 employees (Exploring, 2003). This is because the Australian market and business is larger than any other part of the word. The employee range from the managerial levels to down bottom laborers with a wide range of experience and skills. Globally, the company has an estimated 65000 employees. Characterizing the socio-ecological impacts of multinational Given the increasing poverty and global inequality and rising social rejection that have been generated, large corporations seeking to build a story with which it can question its centrality in the global economy (Feldstein, Hines and Hubbard, 2007). I am convinced that companies more part of the problem are part of the solution. Generally speaking, companies rather than governments and civil society, are better prepared to be catalysts for innovation and transformation towards a sustainable world 2. In Australia, the concern for the environmental issue is not recent. From the legal point of view, at the beginning of the last century, norms were dictated that, in one form or another, were aimed at regulating specific aspects of human activity, insofar as it has an environmental impact. Already in 1916 was passed the Law on the Neutralization of Residues from Industrial Establishments The main purpose of this legal initiative was to eliminate the administrative procedure that consisted in the authorization of the President of the Republic, for the installation of liquid industrial waste treatment systems. In practice, this meant that an industrialist had to have recourse before various administrative authorities in order to put into operation his productive processes, duplicating procedures and procedures with the consequent costs both for the State in its role of caution of the common interest and for the interested parties themselves In carrying out productive work. The mining industry has to be regulated in order to enhance proper Types of Regulatory Instruments Environmental regulations in Australia are contained in the following types of normative instruments Law: It is a declaration of the sovereign will that, manifested in the form prescribed by the Constitution, commands, prohibits or permits. Decree: It is the written order issued by the President of the Republic or a Minister by order of the President of the Republic, on matters within its competence (Law 19.880). Resolution: They are the acts of a similar nature dictated by the administrative authorities with power of decision. Environmental Standards Australia, in 1995, issued the Regulations for the Issuance of Environmental Quality and Emission Standards in accordance with the provisions of Articles 32 and 40 of Law 19.300, on General Bases for the Environment of 1994. The Regulations establish the procedure for The establishment of environmental quality standards, considering at least the following stages: technical and economic analysis, development of scientific studies, consultation of competent bodies, public and private, analysis of observations made and adequate publicity. This standard also establishes the deadlines and formalities for compliance required and the criteria for reviewing the current standards. Under the above context, the available environmental standards are organized as follows: Primary Environmental Quality Standard: They are those that establish the standards or values of concentrations and maximum periods and m Definitions of Establishment General Environmental Legislation: Establishes the general framework of environmental legislation, in Australia, is Law No. 19,300 on General Bases of the Environment, which establishes the country's environmental institutions; Environmental management tools, (Environmental Impact Assessment System, Citizen Participation and the Procedure for the Dictation of Environmental Standards, etc.), as well as the framework within which new environmental legal provisions must be dictated and reviewed. Specific Environmental Legislation: there is a specific set of environmental legislation of a which establish specific requirements or requirements, generally aimed at preserving or preserving quality aspects of the environmental element and / or Establish emission requirements. Other Environmental Regulations: There are requirements that although they are part of the Regulatory Framework applicable to a project, have no legal status. These types of requirements constitute voluntary commitments or obligations assumed by Ministries and their service companies, which are derived mainly from environmental policies, good practices or technical standards, which have been established through manuals, procedures or instructions originating in the respective Ministry or In other State institutions or international organizations. Also included in this group are technical or environmental specifications belonging to national or international financing bodies contained in the contractual commitments linked to the projects. Sources of Environmental Legal Information: Information sources on environmental legislation can be found on the websites of the institutions listed below, which are regularly updated. As a product of the previous stages (situation analysis and thematic profiles), a set of needs and capacities common to the three Rio Conventions were identified, at the systemic level, ie within the framework of general policy frameworks, norms and responsibilities in Which operate the legal and natural persons, determining the need to strengthen national environmental policies and legislation, decentralize the management and execution of environmental projects, and improve levels of intra-institutional, inter-institutional and intersectoral coordination, among others. At the individual level, capacity needs were focused on training human resources, improving the level of education and environmental awareness of the population and mining problems in Australia. I am convinced that companies more part of the problem are part of the solution. Generally speaking, companies rather than governments and civil society, are better prepared to be catalysts for innovation and transformation towards a sustainable world 3. We consider that the consequences of the operations of transnational corporations can be summarized in five fundamental dimensions (economic, political, social, environmental and cultural), which in turn are derived from another Series of impacts (labor, fiscal, gender, etc Tully, 2012). This Working Paper addresses the issue of direct taxation at the international level, with a particular development of all those issues, which, within the tax and fiscal knowledge, affect the new situation in which the full integration in the European Economic Community. The need to orient the strategies in which the new European companies move, such as the special impact that direct taxation has on the neutral decisions of investment and financing, has moved the authors to carry out this work, In which it is intended to establish, in a theoretical way, what should be the fiscal principles on which a structure of corporate taxation should rest in the various countries that make up the Community. The reality of the country's mining infrastructure is that it has had more stumbling blocks than the President of the Republic, Juan Manuel Santos, estimated at the beginning of his term, when he assured that the mining-energy locomotive would remain 'at full steam, A situation that has not been fully addressed for different reasons, such as illegal mining, infrastructure attacks and the lack of more roadways, more modern ports and an expansion of the pipeline network. The Peaceful Alliance And in this struggle to achieve international standards in the field of crude oil, the country is achieving some of the goals it had set itself, such as the sustained production of more than 1 million barrels a day of oil, thanks to foreign investment. Alternative Energy The outlook for Colombia is encouraging in terms of clean and sustainable energy and an example of this is that most of the electricity Characterizing socio-ecological impacts of multinationals Faced with the increase in poverty and inequalities worldwide and the growing social rejection they have been generating, large corporations are aiming to build a story that cannot be questioned about their centrality in the global economy: "I am convinced that the most That part of the problem is part of the solution. In general terms, companies, rather than governments and civil society, are better prepared to be catalysts for innovation and transformation towards a sustainable world, " Thus, in order to increase their social legitimacy and position themselves as an essential actor to "get out of the crisis", they present theories with objectivity and neutrality that aim to demonstrate the positive impacts of their activities on aspects such as technology transfer, The provision of public and private goods, increased employment, women's access to the labor market and the promotion of investment as a driving force for development . Faced with this, different centers of study, non- governmental organizations and social movements - as well as certain sectors of academia that still resist accepting the logic of excellence and the obligatory transfer of knowledge from the university to the company - have come Performing a work of documentation and systematization on the consequences of the global expansion of transnational corporations within the framework of the current socioeconomic model First, transnational corporations have not contributed to an improvement in the quantity and quality of employment, nor in the provision of the services they offer, have practically no investments in maintenance, have hardly favored technological transfer processes and, Permanent Court of the People When it comes to advancing both the denunciation of abuses committed by transnational corporations and the processes of mobilization and resistance that allow the construction of alternatives to the domination of large corporations, one of the most interesting experiences is that in recent years , Has been articulated around the Permanent Peoples' Tribunal (TPP). And the different sessions of this court of opinion that have been dedicated to judge the impacts of the presence of the multinational companies in Australia have contributed to foment the investigation and systematization of the negative effects produced by these companies. Through the dynamics of struggle and resistance that are expressed in the realization Resisting against the power of large corporations The theoretical framework just described, which includes the main impacts caused by multinational companies, allows us to visualize the line of continuity that can be traced between the power of large corporations in the economic, political, social, environmental and Cultural and the impacts that they generate in these same dimensions. In other words, the negative effects of the presence of transnational corporations around the world are not merely negative consequences of bad practices, but the necessary conditions to sustain and increase their power at all levels. In this context, the struggles and social mobilizations faced by large corporations, users, consumers, trade unionists, feminists, ecologists, indigenous peoples, activists and, in particular, those most affected by Business impacts play a central role in the claims that point to the responsibility of multinational companies in a socioeconomic model that globalizes povert y and inequality. In this way, campaigns, resistances and mobilizations against the largest transnationals operating in sectors such as, mining, agriculture, finance, electricity and water have multiplied throughout the world, In many of these campaigns a strong social mobilization component is present, since on the basis of them they have connected and articulated popular struggles that find in the transnational companies one of their main antagonists when defining new models of economy and development. References Blackstone, W. and Morrison, W. (2001).Commentaries on the laws of England. London: Cavendish Pub.Branch, A. (2013).Elements of port operation and management. New York: Chapman and Hall. Exploring. (2003). 1st ed. Canberra: The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia. Feldstein, M., Hines, J. and Hubbard, R. (2007).The Effects of Taxation on Multinational Corporations. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Karas, G. (2005).On earth. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. Marti?nez Lucio, M. (2014).International human resource management. London [u.a.]: Sage. Mujih, E. (2016).Regulating multinationals in developing countries. London: Routledge. Park, L. and Banyai, I. (2007).Tap dancing on the roof. New York: Clarion Books. Rugman, A. and Eden, L. (n.d.).Multinationals and transfer pricing. Strauss, R. and Woods, R. (2007).One well. Toronto: Kids Can Press. Tully, S. (2012).International corporate legal responsibility. Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer Law et Business.

2.1 Input, output & storage Essays - Computing,

2.1 Input, output storage Input: An input device sends information to a computer system for processing (sends data to another device, but it cannot receive). Output: An output device can receive data from another device, but it cannot send data to another device. Storage: allows data to be stored within a computer system. This includes devices such as hard disk drives and compact disk drives Processing devices: processing devices in a computer include (CPU) (GPU) and Motherboard. Flash memory: type of chip has a grid of columns and rows with a cell that has two transistors at each intersection. 2.2 processing and control Motherboard: allows communication between many of electronic components of a system. (houses cpu, ram controller cards). Cpu: referred to as the "brains" of a computer. The CPU is responsible for executing a sequence of stored instructions called a program. Ram: a computer memory that can be accessed randomly (Data remains in RAM as long as the computer is running. When the computer is turned off, RAM loses its data). Rom: There is one major difference between a ROM and a RAM chip. A ROM chip is non-volatile storage and does not require a constant source of power to retain information stored on it. Controller card: piece of hardware that acts as the interface between the motherboard and the other components of the computer. Microprocessor: The microprocessor contains all, or most of, the central processing unit (CPU) functions and is the "engine" that goes into motion when you turn your computer on. 3.4 Interface design UI: information device with which a person may interact. This can include display screens, keyboards, a mouse and the appearance of a desktop. Types of UI: command line. graphical user interface (GUI). menu driven. form based. natural language. Application systems: allow a user to perform a range of tasks such as editing, formatting and displaying documents Application software: allows the user to process data; for example, to create and edit a file GUI: (Graphical User Interface) is represented on a monitor screen so that the user can see the required inputs Types of interface: Graphical User Interface Command Line Interface Natural Language Interface Functions of operating systems: User interface Application interface Security management Device management Storage management Processor management 14.1 Robotics Term robot: A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance. Term robotics: branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of robots. First industrial robot: In 1961 the first industrial robot "Unimate" General Motors assembly line at the Inland Fisher New Jersey. (4000lb robotic arm) Father of robotics: JOSEPH ENGELBERGER 14.5 the function of robots Decrease of freedom: degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary Modern robots possess three characteristics: Programmability Mechanical Capability flexibility End effector: an end effector is a device or tool that's connected to the end of a robot arm. Welding Torches. Collision Sensors. Tool Changers. Pick and place movements: High-speed pick and place robots take product from one location to another with pinpoint accuracy. Asimov's Laws of Robotics: Zeroth Law: A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm First Law: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this violates the Zeroth Law Second Law: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where it would conflict with Zeroth or First Law. Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence, as long as such protection doesn't conflict with any other Law. Components of automated control systems: Sensor Signal conditioners Controllers Actuators

Named Full Moons - The Twelve Named Full Moons of the Year

Named Full Moons - The Twelve Named Full Moons of the Year There are typically twelve named full moons every year,  according to the Farmer’s Almanac and many sources of folklore. These names are geared toward northern hemisphere dates for historical reasons having to do with northern hemisphere observers. The full moon is one of the phases of the Moon and is marked by a fully lit Moon in the night sky. January The first full moon of the year is called the Wolf Moon. This name comes from the time of year when the weather is cold and snowy and in some places, the wolves run in packs, prowling for food. This is also called the Moon after Yule since it occurs after the December holidays.   February This months full moon is called Snow Moon. This name was used because, in much of the north country, this month has the heaviest snowfalls. It has also been called the Full Hunger Moon because bad weather kept the hunters out of the fields and that often meant a lack of food for their populations.   March Early springtime welcomes the Worm Moon. This name recognizes that March is the month when the ground begins to warm in the northern hemisphere, and the earthworms return to the surface. Sometimes this one is called the Full Sap Moon because this is the month when people tap their maple trees to make syrup. April The first full month of northern hemisphere spring brings the Pink Moon. It salutes the return of the ground flowers and mosses and the continued warming weather. This Moon is also called the Full Fish Moon or the Full Sprouting Grass Moon.   May Since May is the month when people see more and more flowers coming, its full moon is called Flower Moon. It marks the time when farmers traditionally plant corn, which leads to Corn Planting Moon.   June June is a time of strawberries coming ripe, so this months full moon, Strawberry Moon, is named in their honor. In Europe, people also called this one the Rose Moon, for the flower that comes into full bloom this month.   July This month brings the Buck Moon, named for the time that buck deer start to sprout their new antlers. This is also the time when fishing was best. Some people also called this the Full Thunder Moon for the frequent storms.   August Late summer in the northern hemisphere brings the Fruit or Barley Moon. August is universally a time to begin the harvest north of the equator and so this months full moon commemorates that. It Some people also called this the Full Sturgeon moon, in honor of the fish.    September Harvest Moon  or Full Corn Moon is one that gets a lot of interest for farmers around the world. In the northern hemisphere, September has always marked the harvest period for some of the most important food grains. If conditions are right, the farmers can work under the light of this moon until well into the night, thus getting more food stored for the winter.   Through most of the year, the Moon rises each day about 50 minutes later than the day before. However, when the September equinox approaches (it occurs around September 22, 23, or 24th each year), the difference in  rising  times drops to about 25 to 30 minutes. Farther north, the difference is 10 to 15 minutes. This means that in September, the Full Moon that rises close to the equinox could be rising close to (or even after) sunset. Traditionally, farmers used those extra minutes of sunlight to put more work in on harvesting their crops. Thus, it gained the name Harvest Moon, and it can occur  anytime  between September 8 and October 7. Today, with advances in farming, and the use of electric lights, the extra minutes of light arent as important. Yet, we have kept the name Harvest Moon to refer to the full moon that occurs closest to the September equinox. This full moon may be more important to some for religious purposes. (See   Pagan/Wiccan  and   Alternative Religions) October Hunters Moon or Blood Moon occurs this month. ​It marks the time for hunting the fattened deer, elk, moose, and other animals that can be used for food. The name harkens back to societies where hunting to stock up food for the winter was important; most notably, in North America, the various native tribes could more easily see animals in the fields and forests after the harvests were brought in and the leaves had fallen from the tree. In some places, this moon marked a special day and night of feasting.   November Beaver Moon occurs in this very late autumn month. In the past, when people hunted beaver, November was thought to be the best time for trapping these furry animals. Since the weather turns cold in November, many people often called this a Frosty Moon, too.   December Cold or Long Nights Moon comes as winter is ushered in. December marks the time of year when the nights are longest and days are shortest and coldest in the Northern Hemisphere. Sometimes people have called this the Long Night Moon.   Its important to remember that these names served a useful purpose helping early people, particularly Native Americans and other cultures to survive. The names allowed tribes to keep track of the seasons by giving names to each recurring full moon. Basically, the entire month would be named after the full moon occurring that month. Although there were a few differences between the names used by different tribes, mostly, they were similar. As European settlers moved in, they began to use the names as well.   Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

English Grammar in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English Grammar in Context - Essay Example When I compared the two analysis between the spoken text and the written text, I was able to realize that there were several differences between the two texts. This is because of spoken text and written text both have different grammatical structures. Written language is significantly more complex than spoken language. This because written text uses the more complex grammatical structure as compared to spoken words. The written text consists of 126 words with 20 noun clauses as compared to 201 words with 27 noun clauses from the spoken text. Further analysis proved that the spoken text had 33 noun phrases and the spoken text had 41 with the first 126 words only having 30. From the comparison, it can be concluded that written texts are shorter than spoken texts. Written texts also comprise more complex, longer phrases and words. [142 words]. A comparison between the two texts written and spoken reveals that there is a large discrepancy between the two. To start with written text is qu ite different from spoken text due the lexical density and complexity. This means that the words in a written text hold more content in per clause as compared to spoken text. For example, this text â€Å"and we were determined to launch this service† carries more content when compared to. The section of coordinators reveals that spoken text has more speaking requires more coordination between the many independent clauses that the speaker uses. As a result, there was eight coordination in the spoken text as compared to three in written text.... S 3 Logica’s SMS solution 4 the new messaging 5 GSM subscribers 6 send receive e-mails 7 mobile Phone 8 demand SMS In Oman 9 OmanTel the new text messaging 10 the primary Benefits 11 that User’s 12 greater accessibility 13 increased Communication 14 business personal use 15 text Messaging Fastest growing segments 16 the Region’s telecommunication market 17 this service 18 an innovative e-mail 19 GSM subscribers 20 general manager Discussion When it comes to written text, there is an enormous level of grammatical complexity. Words are systematically arranged, and all parts of noun clauses can be clearly identified. It is also common for written texts to have complete sentences that have a definite meaning. The above text on OmanTel network contains 126 words. After analysing the text, I was able to identify 20 noun clauses, 33 noun phrases, one pre-modification phrase, seven determiners, nine describers 14 classifiers and three post-modifiers. The noun such as â⠂¬Å"As part of the new text-messaging service† and â€Å"GSM subscribers in Oman†. Some of the noun clauses contain single noun phrases while most contain two noun clauses, for example â€Å"And the primary benefits†. There are other few noun clauses that contain up to three noun phrases such as â€Å"With Logica being the key element to the success of the new service†. [146 words] Noun phrase Pre-modification determiners describers classifiers Post-modification Written text 33 1 7 9 14 3 2: Spoken Text analysis Lori: Uhh, I came across this really funny website the other day†¦ It’s, umm, designed to where people can anonymously send an e-mail to an annoying coworker†¦ Michael: Mmm hmm†¦ L: Saying things like, â€Å"You really need to use deodorant [laughter]†¦but we’re too shy to tell you†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and they,

Rights, Social Justice and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Rights, Social Justice and Diversity - Essay Example More recently, conflicts arising out of such immigration are something that researchers and pressure groups are getting engaged in. In this regard, Weiner (1992) advocated the importance of addressing the issues of country hostility, especially through its people, given the fact that migrants contribute to the economic and cultural growth of the nation they immigrate to. As opposed to the International Political Economic Framework, Weiner explains the phenomenon of international migration through a Security-Stability Framework. The latter is more about the national policies that are aimed for the welfare of the migrant population; about social concerns that have a bearing on the internal political and social stability; and therefore in effect is about social inclusion and exclusion in its elucidation on international immigration and its fall out in the world order. The British Government is also of this understanding - migration is no longer an individual decision; rather it is contingent on a host of geo-politico-economic factors. Emigration has complex and far reaching consequences in the economic, political a nd social base of the host country, and should therefore be viewed in an interactive framework. The United Kingdom is usually considered a much preferred option among emigrants, especially from Asia or the CIS countries (Spencer, 2007). Migration and its Social Repercussions Migration does breed resentment among the natives. While the host country and its populace resents the migrant work force, especially those who are 'skilled' and come at a lower cost, the immigrants face discrimination in their access to essential services like health, education and employment. Immigrants face discrimination on grounds of culture, religion, gender, age and also colour. Conditions of entry posed intentionally by the host country at times are extremely restrictive, and they whittle down a migrants own (as well as those of his dependants), entry into the social and economic fabric of the country. The discriminatory practices, which so far were contained within the social fabric, suddenly burst open post 9/11. The media have helped highlight a lot of such instances. Most natives, including those in UK believe that migration is not beneficial for their country as it leads to a lower wages and unemployment (Spencer, 2007). Asian communities, who form a large part of the im migrant population in UK, argue otherwise, highlighting their contribution. The health care services in UK would quite literally collapse without the overseas doctors and nurses; and some schools would not remain open (Spencer, 2003). As a result, policy makers have little option but to accept this incursion into their economy and try navigating policies that not only provide them with a welfare state but also do not damage the native psyche. One of the most advocated ways is to push forth the agenda of Social Inclusion. This paper discusses the extent of social exclusion with particular reference to United Kingdom. It therefore examines international migration, its basis and the underpinnings, and its links

Improvement of the Quality of Service in a Hospital Case Study

Improvement of the Quality of Service in a Hospital - Case Study Example Public services in London based hospitals provide urgent concern to the public with acute ill health or harm. The hospitals provide emergency ambulance services, blood courier services, and other voluntary services. English National Health Services has largely benefited by the recent introduction of Service delivery targets under a more meticulous management regime. But proper use of HR tools can ensure less staff turnover, better organizational productivity, and corporate financial performance. Even in developed countries like the United Kingdom where there is a sufficient number of nurses, they are often utilized inefficiently, because they do not possess adequate skills or are more focused on urban areas than rural areas. This case study includes the following: Public services and its comparison with private service. SERVQUAL and dimensions of service quality. Measures to improve the SERVQUAL Emotions and work Organizational climate Service climate Ways to measure the service clim ate. Creation of service climate and its relation with human resource tools. Conclusion â€Å"Public sector  productivity  and  service  quality  is  often  held  to  be  dependent, at least in  part, on beliefs, values, and  attitudes  that go  beyond self-interest  to include  concerns  for  the needs  of  others  and the  greater  common  good (Have NHS Regulatory Reforms Undermined Altruism in the Health Workforce? 2012)† â€Å"Public ambulance services across the UK are required by law to respond to four types of requests for care, which are: Emergency calls Doctor's urgent admission requests High dependency and urgent inter-hospital transfers Major incidents† (Emergency Medical Services in the United Kingdom 2012, para. 1). The private service generally includes organizations that are in private ownership, and not owned by the government. These generally include partnerships, corporation, and charities. The organiza tions are not own or operated by the government, for example, local businesses, retail stores, credit unions, are run by the private sector.  Ã‚  

Corporate Social Responsibility In British Airways Management Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility In British Airways Management Essay Introduction This assignment concerns with an examination of business ethics in British Airways (BA) and in particular an event that happened in August, 2005, with it catering contractor, Gate Gourmet. The objectives of this assignment are; To examine BAs approach towards CSR. To find out whether Gate Gourmet employees are part of BAs stakeholders. To explain the negative outcomes. To explore ethical issues involved in the particular of outsourcing. The objective of this assignment will be achieved by using the theories, concepts of business ethics. This assignment discuss about a number of interesting conclusions on how BA handles CSR and the particular problem with Gate Gourmet. (2.1) Introduction about British Airways (BA) The British Airways group consists of British Airways plc and a number of subsidiary companies including British Airways Holidays Limited. British Airways is one of the worlds leading airlines with a network that provides passenger and freight services to 149 destinations in 72 countries.   In 2004/05, British Airways carried over 35 million passengers and nearly 900,000 tonnes of cargo.   Its airline network is centred on the United Kingdom, where 85% of its 47,500 workforce is based. The main activities of British Airways Plc and its subsidiary undertakings are the operation of international and domestic scheduled air services for the carriage of passengers, freight and mail and the provision of ancillary services. British Airways airline network generates economic value by meeting the demand for business travel, by offering vital arteries for trade and investment, as well as providing leisure travel opportunities for individuals and families. There vision is to become the worlds most responsible airline and they have recognized that this is best achieved by ensuring their flying activity is sustainable. They have developed a series of strategic goals and plans to deliver that vision. There are several reasons why British Airways chose to engage in CSR.   The first is because it is a tool to help achieve the companys long term strategic goals in providing growth opportunities around Heathrow airport.   Secondly, improving business efficiency and reducing costs through waste and energy programmes provided a strong business case for CSR.   The company also thought CSR could help them with risk management by identifying risks to health, safety and environment that could hinder its opportunity to attract investors and grow the business.   Lastly, it recognised that it needed to act to enhance its corporate reputation, and customer feedback (both corporate and from the general public) revealed that they expected British Airways to do the right thing. Its approach has also been influenced by the recognition that airlines generate major social and economic benefits, but also have significant impacts on the environment (for example, through noise and air quality) and on communities around airports. In developing its Climate Change Programme, British Airways has had to overcome several challenges, some of which still remain.   The political environment in which the company operates harbours many different views on climate change and there are different levels of awareness surrounding the topic.   This means that airlines take different views, as do governments.   In the UK the government (through its White Paper on aviation) has made it clear that expanding the aviation industry will mean that the industry has to deal with environmental issues.   However, the governments of many European countries have not gone through such detailed consultation and analysis and may not have such clarity on the issue.   Another challenge to the company was the cost implication of taking action when others within the industry were not Ref: www.britishairways.com 2.2. Triple Bottom Line Concept (TBL) Triple bottom line was introduced by Elkington in 1999. Triple bottom line is a unique approach to community development that integrates environmental stewardship, sustainable development and social justice.  The triple bottom line is made up of social, economic and environmental the people, planet, profit phrase was coined for shell by sustainability. Triple Bottom Line efforts are as varied as the organizations and communities in our state wide network. This approach is flexible and innovative, creating new economies that protect, enhance and restore natural, cultural, historic and community resources. The Triple Bottom Line standards for: Economic (Profit). Social (People). Environment (Planet). Economic (Profit) This is more about making a honest profit than raking a profit at any cost it must be made in harmony with the other two principles of People and Planet. While many major corporations used to sneer at the idea of a Triple Bottom Line reporting system. With a positive flow on effect to their suppliers. Because supply chains are also accountable to the overall impact of a company. A narrow concept of economic sustainability focuses on the economic performance of the corporation itself: the responsibility of management is develop, produce and market those products that secure long-term economic performance for the company. This includes a focus on strategies that lead to a long term rise in share price, revenues and market share rather than short term explosions of profits at the expense of long term viability. Social (People) This is also known as Human Capital. It really just means treating your employees right, but furthermore also the community where your business operates. In this part of the Triple Bottom Line model, business not only ensures a fair days work for a fair days pay; but also plods back some of its gains into the surrounding community through sponsorships, donation or projects that go towards the common good. The key issue in the social perspective of sustainability is that of social justice .Despite the impressive advances in standards of living that many of us have enjoyed; there are growing disparities of income and wealth within many countries. In a more just an equitable world, living standards will lead to more economic prosperity. Environment (Planet) This is Natural Capital. A business will strive to minimize its ecological impact in all areas from sourcing raw materials, to production processes, to shipping and administration. Its a cradle to grave approach and in some cases cradle to cradle i.e. taking some responsibility for goods after theyve been sold for example, offering a recycling or take back program. The importance of Triple Bottom Line reports are: Economic gains: Jobs created, Small businesses started or expanded, environmentally responsible industries engaged, Poverty reduced or alleviated. Social improvements: people of collar or low-wealth engaged; educational systems improved; racism dismantled; power shared. Environmental stewardship: land/water resources protected; working lands locally-owned; water quality improved; native plants and herbs propagated. 2.3. Economic responsibilities of BA. Aviation must be perfection within the overall climate framework with open access to cost-effective market-based instruments including carbon trading, Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) credits and potentially credits from Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in developing countries. British Airways is playing a leading role within the aviation industry in developing and promoting proactive solutions for post-Kyoto aviation policy, through the International Air Transport Association (IATA), Association of European Airlines (AEA) and a dedicated group of companies called Aviation Global Deal (AGD).The AGD proposal is a sector-wide policy based on carbon trading that requires all airlines to participate on an equal basis. Carbon allowances are allocated in part by auctioning, with the resulting revenue being collected by a UN body and directed to specific environmental projects in developing countries. In this way the proposal meets both the competitiveness and common but differentiated responsibilities (whereby developed countries agree to take the lead on addressing climate change) principles. 2.4. Social responsibilities of BA. British Airways offer support in the form of funding, free flights, excess baggage, merchandise, cargo space and fundraising events. Our priorities for support are Education  and  Youth  Development, Supporting our Colleagues, Environment, Sustainable Tourism and Heritage. The Community and Conservation started in 1984; they provide these projects in and around the world. Many of BA staffs are involved in Charity work in and abroad as the part of the management they support their staffs in their charitable work. Few charity services mentioned below. 1) The BA community volunteering awards. 2) BA giving scheme. 3) BA fun runs for Cancer research UK. 4) Action for street children volunteer programme. Change for Good is promoted by onboard announcements and the showing of an onboard video. There are  nearly 2,400 British  Airways cabin crew members who co-ordinate the onboard collections from our customers. There are also collection points across British  Airways offices so our colleagues can also donate to the programme. E.g.: UNICEF. 2.5. Environment responsibilities of BA. BA was the first airline to report to the Environmental performance. This can be called one of the strategies of BA. They help in minimizing the cost travel more effectively. They minimize their impact through the latest technology including airframes, engines and alternative fuels.To achieve this strategy they have developed a Comprehensive programme, Climate change there overall strategy is to ensure we fully contribute our share of global carbon dioxide emission reductions by 2050 Waste there focus on reducing, reusing, recycling and responsible disposal of there waste Noise reducing our impact on local communities around the airports they serve. Air quality improving air quality for communitys around the air ports they serve. (2.6) Conclusion British Airways use the approach of CSR They truly believes now they have all the vital elements in place to deliver their overall vision of becoming the worlds most responsible airline. Ref: www.britishairways.com BAs approach towards corporate social responsibility using Triple Bottom Line. Triple bottom line was introduced by Elkington in 1999. According to him TBL represents the idea that business does not have just one single goal-namely adding economic value but that it has a extended goal set which necessitates adding environmental and social value too. To understand the components of sustainability which represents its necessary for to us to examine them separately. The components are divided into three. Economic. Social. Environmental. ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE When there was a dispute between Gate Gourmets and BAs there were 100,000 passengers Whose flights were cancelled they suffered because the tickets which the passenger purchased were not reimbursed nor transferred to the other flights. The strike had cost almost  £50 million which brought disturbance to more than 100,000 passengers. Thousands of employees who went on strike which caused disturbance to the passengers as the flights were cancelled. This was the season where the BA went on tremendous loss and decided to hire unofficial labour. As this strike went on the middle of the summer season were in there were lot of passengers who had to travel back home and were N number of visitors coming in ,this also could be a reason for BA to go under Bankrupt. The employees were aware of the situation and they had a upper hand to the situation. There were few Employees who even argued We have a very hardworking and professional workforce, the current situation is very much an exception to that rule. And the restructuring plan resulted in thousands of job losses. But the restructuring undoubtedly led to financial success. However, they have to still work on full loyalty of its employees to match its renewed financial success. SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE British Airways offer support in the form of funding, free flights, excess baggage, merchandise, cargo space and fundraising events. Our priorities for support are The Community and Conservation started in 1984; they provide these projects in and around the world.Many of BA staffs are involved in Charity work in and abroad as the part of the management they support their staffs in their charitable work. Few charity services mentioned below. 1) The BA community volunteering awards. 2) BA giving scheme. 3) BA fun runs for Cancer research UK. 4) Action for street children volunteer programme. Change for Good is promoted by onboard announcements and the showing of an onboard video. There are  nearly 2,400 British  Airways cabin crew members who co-ordinate the onboard collections from our customers. There are also collection points across British  Airways offices so our colleagues can also donate to the programme. E.g.: UNICEF. ENIVORNMENT PERSPECTIVE BA was the first airline to report to the Environmental performance. This can be called one of the strategies of BA. They help in minimizing the cost travel more effectively They minimize their impact through the latest technology including airframes, engines and alternative fuels. To achieve this strategy they have developed Comprehensive programmes: Climate change there overall strategy is to ensure they fully contribute their share of global carbon dioxide emission reductions by 2050. Waste focus on reducing, reusing, recycling and responsible disposal of waste. Noise reducing our impact on local communities around the airports they serve. Air quality improving air quality for communities around the airports they serve. Ref: britishairways.com 3. Explanation about Gate Gourmets is also part of BAs stakeholder? Using Corporate Social responsibility theory. Before we discuss about this matter we should understand the definition of whom the employee is and who the contractor is. Employee is a person who is hired to provide services to a company on a regular basis in exchange for compensation and who does not provide these services as part of an independent business. Contractor is a person or business which provides goods or services to another entity under terms specified in a contract. Unlike an employee, a contractor does not work regularly for a company. Contractors are not a part of company shareholder, how ever it has been argued that contractors are not legitimate shareholders of a client. However, in order to find out whether this is the case; the concept of salience of stakeholders will be used. Stakeholder is a Person, group, or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organizationHYPERLINK http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.htmlHYPERLINK http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organization.htmls actions, objectives, and policies. Stakeholders are shareholders, customers, creditors, suppliers, employees, government and community of an organization. Gate Gourmet is a food supplier for British Airways. This means they are the stakeholder of BA. Stakeholder plays a vital role for an organization. It is very important to assess stakeholder importance in order to manage these stakeholders. Mitchell et al (1997) suggest there are three key relationship factors likely to determine the importance of stakeholders.It also called Salience of Stakeholder; Power The conceived ability of stakeholder to influence organizational action. Legitimacy Whether the organization conceives the stakeholders actions to be readable, proper or appropriate. Urgency the degree to which stakeholder claims are conceived to call for immediate actions. Ref: britishairways.com Pedro Longart, Lecture hand-outs, 2009 4. Negative outcome of the Strike. There were lot of negative outcomes arises due to this industrial disputes at British Airways (BA).In order to understand this problem we have to analyse about the shareholders. In this dispute Gate Gourmet staff became key players. The negative outcomes of this strike are given below; The British Airways had cancelled over 700 flights and lost an estimated  £30 million as a result. 100,000 passengers had their journeys disrupted. With some delayed for days. It can be concluded BA strike happen because the importance of Gate Gourmet employee became key players. They were not put their attention. Because of that problem was arising. Ref: britishairways.com 5. Ethical Issues involved in the modern practise of outsourcing Ethical issues of involved in modern practice of outsourcing explained by sheffi in 2005 and Emmelhainz and Adams in 1999.Sheffi said that companies should never rely in contractor should either have used more than one creator. Otherwise, the relationship should be closer so that the companies knows more about what contractors is doing. He also explained that some firms, like banks have been criticised for poor customer support from outsourced Indian called centers, also Nike and Gap have been attacked over the sweatshops allegedly operate by some of their suppliers. He said outsourcing an activity does not mean it is no longer a firms problem. Emmelhainz and Adams said as there is a shift towards global supply and competition individual firms appear to be faced with the prospect of an extend chain of responsibility. Once it was perfectly acceptable to argue that the ethics of a firms suppliers, or a firm impact on its competitors, was simply not any of its business, this no longer seems to be the case. Hence, corporation have to take their ethical responsibilities much more broadly. Therefore the supply chain has to be used as a conduct for ethics management and regulations. (Pedro Longart, Lecture hand-outs, 2009)

Characters, Setting, and Conflicts in A Tale of Two Cities Essay

Characters, Setting, and Conflicts in A Tale of Two Cities      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel, A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens utilizes the characters, setting, conflicts, and other literary devices to convey the tone and establish an attitude about human beings and society.    Dickens connects this novel with the French Revolution. Many of his descriptions refer back to the Revolution and help convey the tone of depression. Dickens saw "similarities between the forces that led to the Revolution and the oppression and unrest occurring in England during his time" (Cliff notes). "Although he supported the idea of people rising up against tyranny, the violence that characterized the French Revolution disturbed him" (Cliff notes). Dickens was drawn to a play, The Frozen Deep, written by Wilkie Collins in which he acted. In this play, two men competed for one woman, like in A Tale of Two Cities, when Charles Darnay and Sidney Carton compete against each other for Lucie Manette. Dickens makes clear the characters in this novel through their actions rather than dialogue, which make this novel different from the rest. Dickens' social ideas in this novel are quite simple. He feels the French Revolution was inevitable because the aristocracy oppressed the being "of the poor, driving them to revolt" (Cliff notes). In A Tale of Two Cities Dickens attempts to show his readers the dangers of a possible revolution (Cliff notes). He relies on his descriptive skills to convey the significance of revolution and resurrection in the novel. In addition, he portrays the horror of mob violence throughout the novel, leaving the readers with images of waves of people crashing through the battered gates of the Bastille, for exampl... ... Dr. Manette and he is returned to sanity. Sydney Carton's life changes from despair to honor. Because of the great change in Carton, Darnay's life is spared. The power of love and determination is clearly demonstrated by the resurrection of Dr. Alexander Manette, Sydney Carton, and Charles Darnay.       Sources Cited and Consulted:    Collins, Irene. "Charles Dickens and the French Revolution." Literature and History 1.1 (1990): 40-57.      Dickens, Charles.   A Tale of Two Cities. 1859. New York:   Bantam, 1983.    Gross, John. "A Tale of Two Cities." Dickens and the Twentieth Century. Ed. John Gross and Gabriel Pearson. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962. 187-97.    Kalil, Marie. Cliffs notes on Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities.   Cliff Notes Inc,   June 2000    http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/twocities/   

Passing A Bill In Congress Essay

In general, for a bill to get through congress it must be introduced into either the House of Representatives or the Senate. Before getting to a vote, a bill must be sponsored or written by a member or members of congress. Then, the bill will head to committees and subcommittees where is will be fleshed out by various members of congress as well as competing interests in congress. It then must be introduced to the floor where it can be brought up for a vote. Please note, it is not uncommon for bills to â€Å"die† in committee. That is, for various reasons, the bill is never brought to the floor for a vote. There are a number of reasons for this, but usually it is because either the bill has so little support that brining it to a vote where is would lose tremendously would be considered a waste of time. When the bill passes one area by 51% on final vote it then moved to the other area where it must pass by 51%. (Please note: certain bills such as bills dealing with taxation) must be initiated only in the House as opposed to the Senate. Also, the Senate must close out final vote with 60 Senators in agreement to end amendments and discussion to the bill before moving on to final vote. After the Bill passes both Houses of Congress, it then goes to the President’s desk where it is signed into law or vetoed. If vetoed, the president’s veto can be overridden by Congress voting in favor of the bill by a 2/3 majority; in such an instance, the bill then becomes the law of the land. On a side note, there is somewhat more partisanship in the Senate because of the fact that there are only 100 members as opposed to the 435 members found in the House. As such, the votes in the Senate are usually viewed by the public as being more â€Å"in line† with a party’s stance as opposed to the House where votes are considered more reflective of locality. The numbers of roadblocks that can derail a bill are vast. However, if recent history was an indication of what the most common methods a bill can be derailed it would be one of two things: and inability to â€Å"purchase† the votes of representatives with earmarks and the public learning more about the bill and becoming dissatisfied. While this may seem like a somewhat cynical statement, it is validated by reports that appear in the newspapers everyday. Often, to get representatives and senators on board for certain bills pork barrel spending (money/spending appropriated for specific local districts) must be utilized in order to purchase the vote. If such a purchase can not be facilitated, a lack of enough votes to process the bill occurs. The other common roadblock for a bill is when the public learns the details of a bill and grows dissatisfied with the bill and then threaten to withhold votes/contributions if the bill passes. Of all the roadblocks to getting a bill passed, the most common throughout American history, however, would be the filibuster. In order for debate on a bill to end in the senate, there must be a 60 vote majority. If this does not occur, the debate can go on forever and the bill may not reach a final vote. Usually, when a bill can not get past the filibuster, it is a â€Å"dead bill† and it is pulled off the floor. If there was any lesson to be learned from the long process it would be the fact that this was a brilliant move on the part of the Founding Fathers as it forces the process to be slow and it gives the public time to be informed about legislation. Because the process is slow, it prevents radical changes in government from occurring too fast and it also prevents the public from being â€Å"blindsided† by legislation that they may not truly support. This allows for a stability in the government system that can be somewhat lacking in other parts of the world.

Serial Killer Edward Gein

Serial Killer Edward Gein When police went to Ed Geins Plainfield, Wisconsin, farm to investigate the disappearance of a local woman, they had no idea they would discover some of the most grotesque crimes ever committed. Gein and an accomplice had been robbing graves to find bodies for his experiments, but he decided he needed fresher corpses and began killing and dismembering women. The Gein Family Ed, his older brother, Henry, his father, George, and his mother, Augusta, lived on a  farm a few miles outside Plainfield. George was an alcoholic, and Augusta, a religious fanatic, was a demanding and overbearing woman. She loathed George, but due to her deep religious beliefs, divorce wasnt an option. Augusta had run a small grocery store until she purchased the farm. She picked it because it was secluded and she wanted to keep outsiders  from influencing her sons. The boys left the farm only for school, and Augusta blocked their attempts to have friends. As far back as Ed could remember, Augusta either delegated farm work for the boys or quoted the Gospel. She labored to teach them about sin, especially the evils of sex and women. Ed was small and  appeared effeminate. He often laughed randomly, as if at his own jokes, which resulted in bullying. In 1940, when Ed was 34, George died as a result of his alcoholism. Four years later Henry died while fighting a fire. Ed was now responsible for the welfare of his domineering mother, tending to her until her death in 1945. Ed, now alone, sealed off all but one room and the kitchen of the farmhouse. He no longer worked the farm after the government began paying him under a soil conservation program. Local handyman jobs subsidized his income. Fantasy of Sex and Dismemberment Ed stayed to himself, spending hours obsessed with sexual fantasy and reading about female anatomy. Human experiments performed in Nazi camps also fascinated him. As his mental images of sex and dismemberment merged, Ed reached gratification. He told Gus, another loner and longtime friend, about experiments he wanted to perform, but he needed bodies, so together they began robbing graves, including that of Eds mother. Over ten years, experiments with the corpses became more gruesome and bizarre, including  necrophilia and cannibalism. Ed then returned the corpses to their graves, except for parts he kept as trophies. His obsession centered  on his overpowering desire to turn himself into a woman. He constructed items from womens skin that he could drape on himself, such as female masks and breasts. He even made a body-size female-like jumpsuit. Mary Hogan Grave robbing was his  only source of bodies until Ed decided that perfecting his sex change required fresher corpses. On Dec. 8, 1954, Ed killed tavern owner Mary Hogan. Police couldnt solve her disappearance, but evidence at the tavern indicated foul play. Gus wasnt involved in the murder, having been  institutionalized beforehand. Bernice Worden On Nov. 16, 1957, Ed entered  Bernice Wordens  hardware store, a place he had been  hundreds of times, so Bernice had no reason to fear him, even when he removed a .22 rifle from the display rack. After putting his own bullet into the rifle, Ed shot  Bernice, placed her body into the store truck, returned to get the cash register, and drove to his home. An investigation into  Bernices disappearance began after her son, Frank, a deputy sheriff, returned late that afternoon from a hunting trip and discovered his mother missing and blood on the floor of the store.  Although Ed had no criminal history, Waushara County Sheriff Art  Schley felt it was time to visit the  odd loner. Unfathomable Crimes Uncovered Police found Ed near his home, then went to his farmhouse hoping to find Bernice. They started with the shed. Working in the dark, Waushara County sheriff Art  Schley lit a torch and found Bernices naked corpse hanging upside down, disemboweled, the throat and head missing. Turning to Eds house, they found evidence  more horrific than anyone could have imagined. Everywhere they saw body parts: skulls made into bowls, jewelry made from human skin, hanging lips, chairs upholstered with human skin, facial skin that resembled masks, and a box of vulvas including his mothers, painted silver. The body parts, it was later determined, came from 15 women; some could never be identified. Wordens mothers heart was found in a pan on the stove. Ed  was committed to  Waupun State Mental Hospital for the rest of his life. It was revealed that he killed older women because of his love-hate feelings for his mother. He died of cancer at 78, and his remains were buried in his family plot in Plainfield. Ed Geins crimes as a serial killer inspired the film characters  Norman Bates (Psycho), Jame Gumb (The Silence of the Lambs) and Leatherface (Texas Chainsaw Massacre). Sources Deviant: The Shocking True Story of Ed Gein, by Harold Schechter

6 Writers Programs for Student to Use While Handling a Paper

6 Writers Programs for Student to Use While Handling a Paper 6 Writers Programs for Student to Use While Handling a Paper When you’re writing a paper, it’s pretty challenging to focus on all the requirements at once while you’re also thinking about grammar, spelling, punctuation, and of course, great writing. Most students use some kind of writer’s programs, while creating their papers to help them keep track of all the essential elements of a good paper. Here are some of the best writer’s programs that you can use to get excellent grades with ease. 1. WriteMonkey Are you easily distracted when you are trying to write a paper? WriteMonkey features an extremely simple user interface that utilizes a markdown so you can format, classify, and link as you are actually typing. While many writers like using WriteMonkey to create blog posts or print publications, it works well for your student papers too. 2. LibreOffice Love the concept and design of Microsoft Word, but don’t want to shell out more than $100 to get it? Try LibreOffice, a completely free open-source alternative that includes a variety of templates for all of your word processing needs. If your professor and fellow classmates are all using Microsoft Word, this is an excellent choice for you (and you will not have to pay a dime). 3. Hemingway If you want to go beyond a simple check of your grammar, spelling, and punctuation, Hemingway may become your new best friend. It will let you know which simpler alternatives to use instead of a complex phrase. It will help you see, by clearly highlighting them, which of your sentences are difficult to read. If you are prone to the passive voice or adverbs you don’t really need or any other common writing flaws, it will alert you instantly so you can edit your piece. 4. FreeMind Have you ever heard about mind mapping? It’s the latest and greatest to get your ideas organized before you ever begin writing. If you are a newbie to the mind mapping world, FreeMind might be overly complex for you; if you’re an experienced thought-lover, you may find it to be incredibly useful. It’s not really the kind of program you’ll want when you’re just writing a short paper, but for longer and more complex writing projects it’s just the ticket. 5. SmartEdit Unless you have a proofreader buddy, who’s willing to wade through the swamp of heinous grammar and awkward syntax, whom you’re calling to check your first draft, you need SmartEdit. It’s a Microsoft Word add-on that will check all of that nitty-gritty detailed stuff for you – again, as you go – so that you can make your first draft your last one as well. 6. ProWritingEdit Are you super serious about making sure that you’re turning in only the finest quality work? Try ProWritingAid, which takes proofreading to the max. You can use it as a standalone program by copying and pasting your text into a dialogue box on the web or use it as an add-on to word processing software like Microsoft Word. It looks at an enormous list of potential problems, including sentence length, redundancies, pacing issues, eloquence (or lack thereof!), â€Å"sticky sentences,† and corporate wording. We know that no one is perfect, and we can say that there is no perfect paper writer in the whole world. But we can do our best. Grab these programs that will consult you in any tricky situation helping you get acquainted with your common mistakes in writing. Believe in yourself, reach this damn goal, and become the best in your class.

Speech Analysis or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis - Speech or Presentation Example Opening. Realizing the primacy effect of the beginning (Murdock, B.B., Jr., 1962, p. 482-488), Mike Schroeder started his speech strongly, clearly establishing his ideas and focusing the audience to grasp the meaning of his message positively. In just a few sentences, Schroeder grabbed the attention of the academic audience with the importance of the topic for everyone, what increased listeners’ receptiveness to the providing information. From the beginning, the speaker cared about the speech to remain memorable for the audience. For this purpose, Mike represented a story of a man that suffered from heart disease that had been treated with stem cells. The story was connected to the main idea of the speech – the necessity to find the effective way to save human lives in the struggle against dangerous diseases threatening the mankind. The story of the real medication with the help of stem cells brought Mike Schroeder’s presentation to life from the beginning. It he lped Mike to connect with his audiences even more, making the speech to resonate in people’s minds long after the telling with power effect. Having started with the core of his message and providing a brief  speech outline, the speaker demonstrated his awareness of academic audience expectations as for logical and professional explanation of the topic. Being aware that persuasive speaking is very connected to audience, Schroeder paid extra attention to audience analysis. He watched attentively any nonverbal reactions and signals from the members of the audience (frown, nodding head, rolling eyes, significant smiles), which expressed listeners’ approval or objection of speaker’s viewpoint. Having identified the subset of the audience that agreed, disagreed, and that was undecided about the positive acceptance of his opinion, Mike primarily focused on the part of the audience that was undecided on the issue. Speaking more directly to the group of undecided liste ners allowed Schroeder to address his speech more towards their concerns, explaining in detail some certain points, which could influence people’s positive attitude. Realizing, the audience had not the same beliefs that he, the speaker used the tactic of Osborn, M., & Osborn, S. (2000) to establish good understanding with the audience. First of all, Mike emphasized what he had in common with the audience, accentuating people’s attention on the problem of dangerous diseases, which concerned everyone. He also stressed on the importance to care of moral values, which were involved in the topic. Thus, Mike started with the areas of mutual agreement before discussing the points of disagreement, taking in account that the audience was concerned with the problem of using stem cells in practical medicine, willing to discuss new information and listen to speaker’s arguments. In fact, Mike set the modest goal for changing his audience. His nearest purpose was to get audie nce’s passive agreement with the necessity to continue research in the field of stem cells and the practical realization of stem cells therapy. The speaker didn’t push his audience to accept his point of view just immediately. He compared his position with the beliefs of other people, showing respect to different opinions. Vocal variety. The speaker was great with his vocal variety, and he was aware of his audience in the back. Mike

Fire & the Built Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Fire & the Built Environment - Essay Example It also seeks to create awareness to the public regarding the laws, regulations and various behavior modes found in the building and the environment around. The paper further helps in enhancing the knowledge as well as necessary skills of the researcher in solving problems, analysis of data and information, working as a team and establishing independent working mind. Since time immemorial, fire has been causing several accidents though fire explosions. Sometimes, they are quite horrible as well as devastating. Fire accidents have been causing a lot of damage to property as well as several loses of peoples lives. In several incidences, fire accidents have been leading to loss of millions assets and even affect the countries economy. In spite of the dangers posed by fire accidents, fire has been so crucial to human being life and hence can not be avoided. Fire is essential in cooking, domestic uses and even for leisure. Most fire accidents occur as a result of human carelessness as well as natural disasters. Although most of the fire accidents starts as small mistakes by different people, the fire spreads out quickly as a result of lack of the most appropriate preventive measures which can be employed in containing the situation(Fire Precautions, 2008). There is therefore the need to educate as well as find the best approaches of dealing with fire. There is also the need of use of the best measures to avoid much damage in case the fire occurs. Ignorance to understand these measures as well as the necessary experience, as witnessed in several cases that fire have happened and caused damages, are the major concern which the fire prevention departments need to explore further. The safety measures and precautions needed in buildings and their environment are usually referred to as fire safety. They are employed to help prevent or if possible reduce the potential damage that

From ''Infitah of Abundance'' to ''Infitah of Poverty'' Essay

From ''Infitah of Abundance'' to ''Infitah of Poverty'' - Essay Example nationalist, Naseer’s dictatorial treatment with Syrian economic activity brought about the rebellion from army in 1959 and UAR (United Arab Republic) dissolved. UAR was a weak unification of Syria and Egypt as a result of western pressures for adopting neutral stance about Baghdad pact.1 Baathists were more aggressive in their control and army personnel gained more ground in party. Economic power was in the hands of ruling elite and shifting to military. Basthist party and Syria united apparently in 1958 but Hafiz al-Asad was also a part of this union. According to George; This unionist marriage was unhappy and in September 1961 it ended with the rightist putsch in Damascus. After 18 months of turmoil in the country†¦In 1966 the radicals staged an intra party coup. Syria’s resounding defeat by Israel in the June 1967 was, in which the Golan Heights were occupied, weakened the militant†¦The climax was another putsch stages by Asad, then defense minister, on 16 November 1970.2 Hafiz al-Asad exploited the 1967 defeat by Israel in order to unite Ba’ath part and military wing under Alawi clan, i.e, rural shi’a minority, but after Asad, it has been at the top of Syrian society. Ba’athist coup was encouraged initially but it showed little results; few banks and industry was nationalized, land reform extension and state established a monopoly in 1963.However, these steps were biased and to target elite to curb the anti-regime activities in 1964,and in case of land reforms, to bless Baathist coup origin, i.e., peasantry. For development, an intensive program was developed in which state investment was established to be the key driving force of economic activity in all sectors. Agriculture was focused in order to raise the living standards in rural Syria, and encouraged to run by state irrigation schemes and import substitution was boosted. Roads, railways construction were planned in collaboration with the Soviet Union and Eastern bloc with the help of

Equations from Harrison Essay Example for Free

Equations from Harrison Essay Nature has a way of bringing everything to its normal position, plants give off oxygen during photosynthesis, humans and animals use up this oxygen for survival and in turn give off carbon dioxide (CO2), which is used up by plants. This relationship shows how nature has created a balance between plants and animals. In natural water all living organism depend on the oxygen or dissolved oxygen in water for sustainability. Dissolved oxygen (DO) I water helps maintain a healthy river, lake and ocean and thus supporting different kinds of aquatic organism. A symbiotic system exits whereby all aquatic organisms depend on themselves for survival. Most of the dissolved oxygen (DO) in water comes from photosynthesis and atmosphere, about 8 10mg/l is needed to maintain 100% saturation in water. However, the level of dissolved oxygen in water varies, the amount or concentration of oxygen (O2) rises from morning through o evening, this is as a result of serious activity by plants in water. At this time photosynthesis is taking place and so oxygen (O2) is given off, whereas at night, the level of oxygen drops because photosynthesis has stopped. Nonetheless, plants and animals continue to consume oxygen. The level of oxygen drops, this drop may bring down the level of to about 4mg/l and this is the minimum amount that is required to sustain the living organisms in water. Man and nature contribute significantly to the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water both in a positive and negative way. Nature The levels of dissolved oxygen in water can greatly be affected by weather conditions, these are; temperature, pressure, erosion, sedimentation and ice cover. These factors affect the solubility of oxygen (O2) in water. An increase in temperature reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen. As the temperature increases the saturation concentration decreases (Gray N. F 1999). Table (1) shows the relationship between dissolved oxygen in water and temperature at 1 atmosphere. Temperature (oC) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 0 Table (1) source; Gray N. F 1999 pg 67 From table (1) above it can be observed that as water gets warmer, there is a reduction in dissolved oxygen (DO), this is because the oxygen molecule becomes energised and diffuses to the water surface thereby leaving fewer dissolved oxygen in water. Dissolved minerals in water could be as a result erosion, sedimentation and weathering. Dissolved salt in water reduces the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water; water being a universal solvent dissolves salt. Oxygen is used up to form other compounds as shown below; SiO2(s) + 2H2O Si(OH)4 (1) Fe2O3(s) + 3H2O Fe 2O3. 3H2O(s) (2) CaO(s) +H2O Ca(OH)(aq) (3) CaCO3(s) + CO2 + H2O Ca2+(aq) + 2HCO3- (4) (Equations from Harrison R. M et al 1996) When these solid minerals dissolve in water, oxygen is used up to another compound. Man The quest by man for a better living has in a way impinged on the quality of water. To improve agricultural yield, fertilizer is added to plant root for growth, however, plants take up few amounts and the rest is washed into river and or lake. Nitrogen and phosphorus are the major constituents of fertilizer, if in excess, both elements in a compound form causes eutrophication thereby reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. In developed countries treated sewage is disposed off into river, this waste contains microorganisms, detergents, and other waste product. If untreated or regulated these causes severe reduction of dissolved oxygen in a water body. Sewage contribute large amount of nutrients into the river, plants and microorganisms use up these nutrients, rivers or lake that contains essential mineral nutrient may support heavy growth of algae (Manaham S. E 1993). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) In water dissolved oxygen (DO) place an important role in maintaining a balance as enumerated above, for instance, when oil or for that matter any substance that is a stranger is introduced into a water body, some biodegradation will take place to break down the hydrocarbon molecules, usually oxygen is the fuel that is used up or consumed to carry out this breakdown of the hydrocarbon molecules. Biodegradation can be chemical reaction or biological that is caused by living organisms like; bacteria, fungi, sulphate reducing bacteria etc. The amount of oxygen required to completely breakdown the hydrocarbon molecules by chemical reaction is called the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), this is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to breakdown the molecules. Also the amount of oxygen required to breakdown completely the hydrocarbon molecule by biological activity is called the Biochemical Oxygen demand (BOD). However, in these report Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) will be focused on rather than Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) can simply be defined as the amount of oxygen used up by microorganism (e.g. aerobic bacteria) in water. The rate at which oxygen is used up is perhaps more important than the determination of dissolved oxygen (Pierce J. J et al 1997). How much clean a water is can well be determined by the amount of BOD, this is because the amount of oxygen present is determined and also the amount available for both plants and organisms to use up and maintain a balance ecosystem. Increase of biochemical oxygen demand in a water body can be caused by; * If there is high level of organic pollutant   High level of nutrients. Increase in BOD causes species or microroganisms that are sensitive to lower dissolved oxygen to be replaced by organisms that are more tolerant to low dissolved oxygen, these results in a shift in the ecosystem. Organic and nitrogenous compounds are responsible for high levels of BOD, basically biochemical oxygen demand is divide into carbonaceous and nitrogenous oxygen demand. Aerobic organisms utilize organic and nitrogenous nutrients and these processes require high amount of dissolved oxygen. This is represented thus; Organic C6H2O6 + 6O2(aq) + bacteria 6CO2 (aq) + H2O (5) Nitrogenous. COHNS + O2 + bacteria CO2 + NH3 + energy (6) From equations 5 and 6, it is obvious that oxygen is consumed to the detriment of the water body. Factors that causes high Biochemical Oxygen Demand Organic matters are the source of high biochemical oxygen demand, the sources of these contaminant are, industrial effluents, leaves, dead plants, animal manure, sewage treatment works, urban runoff and agricultural runoff. However, in Nigeria the most significant contribution of organic compounds in water are the petroleum and petrochemical industries, oil exploration activities are being carried out.