Catcher In the Rye vs. Grapes of Wrath Essay

The inherent aversion to corruption in society often inspires individuals to respond to the issue in hopes of minimizing the drastic effects it may have on people. This shared disdain for such corruption is analyzed in The Catcher in the Rye and The Grapes of Wrath. Both authors address the corruption; however they do so from different perspectives they come to differing resolutions. Both protagonists in their novels experience isolation as a result of society’s corruption; however, Salinger’s chooses to isolate himself whereas Steinbeck’s experiences isolation inadvertently. J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath share a social commentary about how corruption pervades every aspect of society and due to society’s corruption, people either experience isolation by choice or through condemnation. Alienation and isolation due to society’s corruption is relevant in both novels through the characterization of the protagonists. For example, Salinger develops Holden Caulfield, a socially inadequate teenager who distances himself from others due to their phoniness. From the onset of the novel, Salinger develops Holden’s desire to remove himself from society because of his belief that everyone is a phony. Although he disguises his motives to Old Spencer for leaving schools, Holden admits that â€Å"The reason [he] left Elkton Hills was because [he] was surrounded by phonies. That’s all. They were coming in the goddam window† (13). Holden goes to great efforts to distance himself from others believing that he alone is genuine and authentic in society. Later in the novel, Holden makes plans to go on a date with Sally Hayes and nearly cancels on account of her ‘phony language.’ Analyzing her talk Holden thinks â€Å"Grand. If there’s one word I hate, it’s grand. It’s so phony. For a second, I was tempted to tell her to forget about the matinee† (106). Holden also mentally isolates himself; he avoids social situations and even when in them, he distances himself with the confidence that whomever he is with is not worth his time. Holden’s discovery of â€Å"fuck you† being written or carved publically further augments his hatred for society’s corruption and because of them, he condemns society as a whole, not willing to make an exception for anyone. He ponders his death and thinks â€Å"If I ever die, and they stick me in a cemetery, and I have a tombstone and all, it’ll say ‘Holden Caulfield’ on it,†¦ and then right under that it’ll say ‘Fuck you.’ I’m positive, in fact† (204). Holden is positive that all of society is corrupted and he judges those he encounters, as well as those he does not, never completely grasping that he is practically suspending whatever social existence he may have had. In The Catcher in the Rye Salinger’s protagonist’s objective is to be uninvolved in societal functions due to its corruption. Similar to The Catcher in the Rye, a central focus of The Grapes of Wrath is separation from society and modern culture. Steinbeck’s protagonist, Tom Joad, upon his arrival in California, is alienated and shunned because he is labeled as an â€Å"Okie.† The reality of Tom’s alienation is revealed through the conversation he has with a migrant returning from California who found no work. The migrant man informs Tom that the term â€Å"Okie use’ ta mean you was from Oklahoma. Now it means you’re a a dirty son-of-a-bitch. Okie means you’re scum. Don’t mean nothing itself, it’s the way they say it† (206). Tom, representing his whole family, is discriminated against merely because he is from Oklahoma. After Tom and his family stop shortly on their journey the men who handle them discuss how subordinate the Okies are. The men wonder how Tom can make it through with such a junky car and they say â€Å"Them goddam Okies got no sense and no feeling. they ain’t human. A human being wouldn’t live like they do. A human being couldn’t stand it to be so dirty and miserable. They ain’t a hell of a lot better than gorillas† (221). Tom is treated like he is subordinate largely due to his socioeconomic condition, which is significantly worse than the people of California. Such harsh condemnation due to a place of origination reveals how society’s corruption has lead to the inadvertent alienation Tom receives throughout the novel. Though Holden Caulfield’s isolation from others is deliberate, and Tom Joad is involuntarily segregated, isolation as a re sult of society’s corruption plays a significant role in both novels. Salinger and Steinbeck also use different motifs to illustrate society’s corruption and its effect on people. In The Catcher in the Rye Salinger uses the motif of the preservation of innocence to clarify the gravity of society’s corruption. Holden loses his innocence as a child when his brother Allie dies. Although he cannot come to terms with his brother’s death, Holden is confident that he can find solace by saving the other innocent children from the corrupt society they live in. Holden tells his younger sister Phoebe, his main inspiration for preserving innocence, that â€Å"[he has] to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff†¦. [He will] just be the catcher in the rye and all. [He knows] it’s crazy but that’s the only thing [he’d] really like to be† (173). Holden’s only ambition in life is to rescue children from falling into society’s corruption. He is so infatuated with this notion that he even refuses to sleep with a prostitute that he has paid for. As the prostitute is waiting to do what she is getting paid for, Holden realizes how young she is and asks â€Å"Don’t you feel like talking for a while?† and then acknowledges that â€Å"It was a childish thing to say, but [he] was feeling so damn pecul iar† (95). So troubled by her lost innocence, Holden cannot bring himself to go through with it. Holden desires to drive out all evil throughout the novel, yet he realizes that he cannot. When Holden sees the words â€Å"fuck you† written in Phoebe’s school, Holden realizes that â€Å"If you had a million years to do it in, you couldn’t rub out even half the ‘fuck you’ signs in the world. It’s impossible† (202). The fact that he cannot save the world from society’s corruption is difficult for Holden to accept but instills in him even more passion to do all he can to preserve as much innocence as possible. Thus, Salinger suggests that society and its corruption is far beyond salvable despite great efforts. Society’s corrupting influence of others can also be seen through Steinbeck’s motif of society’s lies and deception. Steinbeck reveals the corruption in the car dealers as the Joad family is about to embark on their travels. The Joads need to get a car and such a process is full of lies from the car dealers who exploit the migrants’ necessities to make more profit. The dealers manipulate the migrants by the day’s bargain: â€Å"Makes folks come in though. If we sold that bargain at that price we’d hardly make a dime. Tell ‘em it’s jus’ sold† (62). The cars dealers are selling pieces of junk for ridiculous payments from the migrants who believe that they had missed the day’s bargain. Society’s corruption is also embodied by the land owners in California who are sending out the handbills asking for men to work. A ragged old man informs the Joads that â€Å"This fella wants eight hundred men. So he prints up five thousand of them things an’ maybe twenty thousan’ people sees ‘em. An’ maybe two-three thousan’ folks get movin’ account a this here han’bill† (189). The land owners are aware of the fact that migrants are so desperate for money and food and exploit their necessity by promoting their own need for people to work. When the multitudes of migrants come and are willing to work all day for only a couple biscuits, the land owners know they can use this for their own benefit by taking advantage of hard labor and little pay. Society’s corruption is depicted through the authors’ development of motifs that reveal how pervasive it truly is. Salinger and Steinbeck’s commentary on the corruption of society and its effect differs greatly in the novels’ resolution of the protagonists and the development of their motifs. Although both authors use characterization to portray their social commentary, they go about it in two different manners. While the Grapes of Wrath, with respect to social alienation, focuses more on approval among those who are convincingly greater or â€Å"high-class†, The Catcher in the Rye’s main character’s intents are to be left out of society’s affairs and people themselves. Salinger’s protagonist is a stagnant character who makes very little progress in working through society’s corruption and trying to figure out how to handle it. Holden continues to fail to preserve the innocence as well as acknowledging his inability to get over the misconception that he himself has not been tainted by the corruption. On the other hand, Steinbeck develops Tom Joad, who goes about great transformation throughout the novel. Tom continues to fight for what he knows to be a better form of society and even when he loses almost everything, continues to press on. The resolution of the two novels and their protagonists’ roles in them reveal the different views of social corruption they both have. Holden’s lack of progress reveals Salinger’s belief that the corruption permeating society is incurable. Contrasting that, Steinbeck’s dynamic protagonist who makes society a little bit better reveals his confidence that there will be a day in which society’s corruption will be minimized. The motifs developed by the two authors also expose the difference in social commentaries. Salinger’s motif of preserving innocence shows his desire to salvage what he can from society; however, Holden’s realization that such a task is impossible symbolizes his conviction that society will always be corrupt. In contrast, the lies and deceit that pervade Steinbeck’s novel reveal society’s corruption in every aspect and phase of life but he resolves his book with the Joads being successful. Although the two authors make the same social commentary about society’s corruption, Steinbeck and Salinger present their ideas in fundamentally different ways with differing resolutions of their protagonists and differing motifs. Works Cited Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath. New York: Viking, 1939. Print. Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951. Print. View as multi-pages

How Boys Become Men

How Boys Become Men The article â€Å"How Boys Become Men† written by Jon Katz, gives a positive statement on how boys still haven’t change and are still growing up the same. Jon Katz, shares with us while walking his dog one day, he saw a boy get beaten by a group of older boys. While walking towards him, Katz asked if he was okay; the boy said yes and begun to swing like nothing happened. I believe that what Jon Katz states is true, because the fact is; boys are always going to think they’re the Alpha Male in every situation.For example: who can climb the highest Rock, who can make a bigger splash in the pool or who can maybe get a girlfriend first. From experience when hanging out with my brother and his guy friends, they always end up trying to compete against each other. In my opinion I think it’s funny the things they make each other do. One day we were all going as a family to hike at Great Falls, and my brother decided to bring his three closes guy friends, Mark, Anthony and Oscar. As we all began to hike the path, before you knew it the boys were all ready starting to race to the top.There was another time my friend Kevin and I, went to swim in Lake Anna and he challenged me to jump from the highest rock into the water. As I finished jumping, I saw him already preparing to jump in as well. When he got out of the water, I saw that his foot had minor cuts and asked him if he was okay. He brushed off what I said, and said, â€Å"let’s go again! † Lastly, boys always tend to be strong and not let others know they’re hurting. This is what happened to my older brother as fell off his bike and hurt his knee, when he was ten years old. Another example were boys decide to be the â€Å"Alpha Males†, could be at the pool with their friends.Last summer my friend Ashley and her boyfriend decided to meet my friend Alex and I at the pool. Ashley’s boyfriend John, and my close friend Alex hit it of from th e start. I saw that John did something that Alex, in my opinion never had done before. Alex did the trick, that John dared him to do with out hesitating and hit his leg really hard, (by looks of it) on the corncrake. Momentarily, they began swimming and Alex ignored the bump on his leg. Boys in my opinion never want to show they are not up for a challenge. Every time my brother’s friends come over, they always began playing around and see who is the strongest out of all of them.Or from what I see, they could also began to lift certain objects and see who can throw them the farthest. Lastly, it’s not all about the who can be the better rock climber or who is the strongest, but maybe who can capture a girls heart first. I have seen this many times from boys who have lost friendships over the same girl they liked, only because they both wanted to be with her. Sadly, only one gets the girl. This is were things get really hectic, and boys sometimes become foes, instead of f riends. Boys often get very competitive if they both want the same girl, just like my brother did with his ex best friend, Joey.Also they never want to admit they lost, sometimes they simply say they didn’t try hard enough. In conclusion, yes, boys want to be that strong, fearless, awesome guy that they have been taught mostly by, their parents or society. But just as Jon Katz says, they want love and understanding when things do not go right for them. Which is very similar how girls are as well. Boys just tend not to show it, because of the pride they have or what they have gone through in their childhood. To sum it all up, boys are always going to be the same, but as they grow up they will learn how to deal with their insecurities in life.

Case study for bronchial asthma

To rule out other possible conditions — such as a respiratory infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) — your doctor will do a physical exam and ask you questions about your signs and symptoms and about any other health problems. Tests to measure lung function You may also be given lung (pulmonary) function tests to determine how much air moves in and out as you breathe. These tests may include: Spirometry. This test estimates the narrowing of your bronchial tubes by checking how much air you can exhale after a deep breath and how fast you can breathe out. Peak flow. A peak flow meter is a simple device that measures how hard you can breathe out. Lower than usual peak flow readings are a sign your lungs may not be working as well and that your asthma may be getting worse. Your doctor will give you instructions on how to track and deal with low peak flow readings. Lung function tests often are done before and after taking a bronchodilator (brong-koh-DIE-lay-tur), such as albuterol, to open your airways. If your lung function improves with use of a bronchodilator, its likely you have asthma. Tests and diagnosis By Mayo Clinic staff Physical exam To rule out other possible conditions — such as a respiratory infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) — your doctor will do a physical exam and ask you questions about your signs and symptoms and about any other health problems. Tests to measure lung function You may also be given lung (pulmonary) function tests to determine how much air moves in and out as you breathe. These tests may include: Spirometry. This test estimates the narrowing of your bronchial tubes by checking how much air you can exhale after a deep breath and how fast you can breathe out. Peak flow. A peak flow meter is a simple device that measures how hard you can breathe out. Lower than usual peak flow readings are a sign your lungs may not be working as well and that your asthma may be getting worse. Your doctor will give you instructions on how to track and deal with low peak flow readings. Lung function tests often are done before and after taking a bronchodilator (brong-koh-DIE-lay-tur), such as albuterol, to open your airways. If your lung function improves with use of a bronchodilator, its likely you have asthma.

Jalsberg Cheese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Jalsberg Cheese - Essay Example The changing market environment has given rise to the needs of updated information more than ever in the past. The markets have transformed to international from local. With the increase in the exposure to masses and increased geographical market coverage, the need of quick and up to date information has also increased. With the changing business environment the buyers are also changing. With the increasing incomes the buyers have become more selective. For a company to launch its product in a new market it has become important to have the information from the buyer needs to buyer wants. On the other hand it is also important to have the knowledge of how to present the product in effective manner in order to reach the customer in an effective manner. With the changing business needs the new marketing techniques such as product differentiation, branding and advertising are also gaining immense importance. This paper is aimed at finding out the appropriate marketing communication strat egy for Jalsberg cheese which is a famous branded cheese in American Market and ready to be marketed in new European market. Norseland Inc. was founded in 1978. The purpose of the company was to market and distribute Jarlsberg and other Norwegian cheese in United States. The Company is a 100% owned subsidiary of TINE Norwegian Diaries, which has the main responsibility for the production and marketing of Jarlsberg cheese. Jalsberg cheese has some snob appeal. Customers want to show they have ‘good taste’. Without complaining they accept the higher price of Jalsberg compared to other competitive products. The mild and creamy taste appeals to Americans, and many think that the taste of the traditional Swiss cheese, Emmenthaie is too sharp Now the company is aiming to introduce its Cheese brand Jalsberg in the newly extended European market. In order to undertake successful brand positioning Norseland has to design a marketing communication strategy, which should be crafted according to the European market conditions and consumer behaviour.

The affects of children raised by homosexual parents Research Paper

The affects of children raised by homosexual parents - Research Paper Example This is because many cultures do not view the homosexual lifestyle as ethical and thus feel that children who are adopted by homosexual parents are likely to be subjected to abuses of different kinds. The principle argument against gay parenting is focused on the assertion that marriage is principally a dual-gendered institution which has the ability to naturally procreate. Marriage is the sole institution that is tasked with producing human capital for the coming generations. Same-sex parents cannot naturally produce children. This is an obvious indication; according to many opponents of gay parenting those children who are adopted by same sex parents are likely to suffer emotionally and physically, in some cases. This will happen because gay parents do not have the skills necessary to bring up well adjusted children who will benefit humankind. Statistics According to Regnerus (2012) more same sex couples are able to adopt children today than was the case in the past Owing to the ra tification of laws, mainly in developed nations, which recognize the rights of same sex parents. In America alone, it is estimated that 65, 500 children have been adopted into same sex unions. California has the largest number of same sex couples (16, 000) who have adopted children. According to Brodzinsky and Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute (2011) foreign born adopted children are more likely to end up in same sex unions than American children. The Development of Children raised by Homosexual Parents Identity There are many studies that have been conducted on the issues and concerns that face children who are raised by homosexual parents. From these studies, it is evident that the most important factor has to do with identity. According to Wainright, Russell and Patterson (2004) children raised by homosexual parents, particularly if they were adopted and not the result of artificial insemination, tend to have more emotional challenges than those raised by heterosexual parents. While there are larger percentages of emotional disturbances among people with homosexual lifestyles, and this inadvertently affects any children they adopt, the main cause of turmoil in their children is likely to be Owing to identity issues, according to (Wainright, Russell and Patterson, 2004). Any adopted child requires a family with a mother and father more than children who were not adopted. The child will innately desire to identify with an institution that basically reflects the two people that gave him or her life. Being adopted by homosexual parents can result in more trauma other than that of abandonment because the child also has to deal with the incident of being in a family that is unlike that of his original parents. As far as the child can see, he or she has no has no biological chain. An adopted child already suffers from the wound of abandonment. Being put in a home with homosexual parents adds the responsibility of the child being forced to adapt to the affective life style choices of the adoptive parents. Any child who is given to national organizations for adoptive purposes has been separated from his or her primary caregiver- his mother. This, alone, could result in the incidence of attachment disorders. The attachment to a singular maternal individual in the first eight months of life is vital in the psychological development of any human being. Bringing up a

Summury for food chain lesson plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summury for food chain lesson plan - Essay Example You will get all the information regarding lesson plan and how to use Wikispaces Select the grades you are interested in say 3-5 grades (as you are teaching them) Select the subject say Science. Select the topic in Science say Food Chain and Ecosystem Then select the lesson plan You can select the video you are interested in. Visit the website http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/ select lesson plan option Select the grade 3-5 you will get all the chapters as a list and then select the topic you require. Lesson Plan Week 1 Day 1: Ask the children the leading question â€Å"What did you eat for dinner last night?" Ask them to write what they ate as separate ingredients like beef, pasta, bread, rice etc. Then ask them to categorize the food that they ate as: Source of food- Plants or Animals, Fungi (in case of Mushrooms). Introduce the concept of producers- plants, they make their own food by the process of photosynthesis. Introduce the concept of consumers- organisms that eat either the producers or the consumers. Day 2: Categorize consumers as herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, and dentritivore (or decomposers). Ask questions as: Name the animals which that eat plants. Name the animals that eat other animals. Name the animals that eat both plants and animals. Name the decomposers. Explain the importance of decomposers. Explain why plants are essential for us.

Climate change drivers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Climate change drivers - Term Paper Example Climate change effects have severely affected numerous activities and patterns. First, temperature has not been able to retain its conventional pattern almost in every part of the world. Abrupt changes have not allowed weather and temperature to experience a steady change and natural cycle transformation throughout the world. For example, higher temperatures have numerous ramifications for California water systems as they put effect on Sierra snowpack accumulation and snowmelt along with other hydrologic factors (Kiparsky and Gleick 5). Based on this description, it can be easily deduced that the rise in the temperature does not affect in a single manner. For example, in the mentioned quotation, it is evidently clear that Sierra snowpack accumulation and snowmelt are being affected by the change in the weather patterns and climatic change as well. PrecipitationCalifornia’s unique and different landscape affects precipitation patterns in the state (Carle 4).   The climate cha nge studies have been carried out for last many decades in California and other parts of world in which the environmental scientists have been conducting various environmental tests through observations and experiments. However, till this point of time, the scientists have not been able to accurately provide the impact of climate change on the precipitation. However, it has been highlighted that California receives around 200 million acre-feet of precipitation (Carle 8). Water vapor, water temperature, are those factors that affect the water quality.

Law and terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Law and terrorism - Essay Example This paper will critically discuss the present UK legislative framework governing the gathering of covert intelligence on terrorist suspects and the necessary safeguards to ensure that ensure that police and security services do not violate the civil liberties of suspected individual. Covert Operations Perhaps, it can be said that the best covert intelligence operation was the operation Neptune Spear/Geronimo which launched the attack of Osama Bin Laden’s safe house in Bilal town of Abbottbad, Pakistan at around 1:00 a.m. (Listverse, 2011, p. 1). US Navy Seals breached through the high walls of Bin Ladin’s safe house using explosives whilst airborne US special operations command, also known as Night Stalkers were on board Black Hawk Helicopters and two Chinooks as backups (Listverse, 2011, p. 1). The SEALS found Bin Laden on the third floor and shoot him on his head and chest. Osama’s dead body was brought to Afghanistan for identification and buried at sea withi n 24 hours of his death (Listverse, 2011, p. 1). ... e result, have also seen the necessity to define and refine the country’s covert intelligence operation framework of its security forces using the statutes stipulated under the Regulations of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) (Home Office, 2013, p. 1; Gov.uk, 2013). This has been considered as the Home Office guidance to local authorities in England and Wales on the judicial approval process for RIPA and the crime threshold of surveillance (Home Office, 2013, p. 1; Gov.uk, 2013) RIPA defined the framework of the government’s covert investigatory techniques as authored by public authorities (Legislation.gov.uk, 2013, p. 1). The framework in itself does not customized such power to execute covert activities but if these activities are undertaken by the council officers, RIPA limits, control and regulate the manner on how covert intelligence gathering are undertaken to ascertain that this is consistent to the Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) t hat mandates security forces to respect the private and family life of the suspects (Legislation.gov.uk, 2013, p. 1). Under RIPA, the local authorities limited the local authorities on using three covert techniques to prevent untoward incidences by early detection and monitoring of disorder (Legislation.gov.uk, 2013, p. 1). This security mechanism authorized designated persons on significant issues that may cause social harm and disorder but require such essential balance of proportionate care that the covert intelligence operation and intrusion, to gather information, will not seriously violate the right of privacy of a person on the bases of unfounded allegations or suspicion (Legislation.gov.uk, 2013, p. 1). Ethical code of covert operations refines further the scope of powers on necessary

The Problem of the Corrections in Prisons Term Paper

The Problem of the Corrections in Prisons - Term Paper Example It is on this basis that the USA established a legal system, which included the police, and the federal court system. The federal court system of the US falls in the judiciary system under the USA constitution. The US federal court system gets segmented into the highest court composed of the Supreme Court, which acts as a last resort in the process of judgment. It also has the appellate (appeal) courts that are in charge of appeals for the district of Colombia, appeals for veterans, appeals for the armed forces, appeals for the federal circuit, as well as the foreign intelligence court of review. Below the appellate court, is the district court including the 94 federal district courts (Neubauer & Fradella, 2010). In Article III of the USA law, the United States Congress is the body mandated, with constitutional power to establish courts. It also the body permitted to formulate regulations governing the courts. In addition, they can create limitations as well as eliminate the federal judiciary excluding the Supreme Court. The district court remains the general trial courts in the US with jurisdiction to handle any case according to the specification in the constitution. They also have the jurisdiction to hear appeal diverted by the administrative judges the higher courts. This must come with authority from the above courts according to article three of the United States Constitution on legal systems. The supreme courts, on the other hand, operates under a mandatory system of review which means the court only listens to appeals from the district courts (Mauk & Oakland, 2005). When a person is, therefore, not satisfied with the decisions from the district courts, he is granted by law to lodge c omplains in the Supreme Court in the form of appeals.