The Case of Horton v. Meskill - 988 Words

During the 1970’s, Connecticut was a very prosperous state with growing numbers of minorities. Many of these minorities would tend to live in the same neighborhoods which would lead to other races, like whites, leaving an area and moving to a new area away from these minorities. We learned about white flight in The Children in Room E4, but this has been relevant for many decades. These whites may have not moved out of state, but just away from the minority neighborhoods to places like the suburbs. This tended to cause property values to decrease in the minority neighborhoods, making it cheaper for more minorities to move in, but also harder for the minorities to move to areas where white people may be living like the suburbs. With decreased property values beginning to happen, the property taxes were also beginning to decrease. This is what led to the development of the case Horton v. Meskill. Also during this time, the United States was barely a decade old from all of the seg regation it had experienced during the 1960’s. the segregation had an influence on why whites were moving away from the minorities, which was causing these public school property tax funding’s to be low. Even though segregation de jure was outlawed at this time, there were still people living by segregation de facto. The people did not realize this at this time in the 1970’s, but it eventually built up momentum and became relevant in the Connecticut court case Sheff v. O’Neill. After the decision was

The Modern Era Of Social Responsibility - 1523 Words

Introduction Mahatma Gandhi once said, â€Å"Be the change you wish to see in the world.† This call to action may be challenging but it is not impossible for businesses to implement. Through effort and diligence, corporate and organizational leaders can responsibly serve the global community in which they provide goods and services. Corporate social responsibility, otherwise known as CSR, has been a topic of interest for centuries. However, the modern era of social responsibility didn’t begin until the 1950s when Howerd R. Bowen (often attributed as the Father of Corporate Social Responsibility) published Social Responsibilities of the Businessman in 1953. Here he presented the initial definition of the concept: â€Å"It refers to the obligations†¦show more content†¦Heinz, for example, has demonstrated environmental sustainability efforts including a reduction in gas emissions, solid waste, energy and water consumption, and an increase in renewable energy (Heinz website). Further dimensions include labor rights and welfare, market and stakeholder relations, as well as corporate governance (slideshare). Although these dimensions are what construct this conceptual definition, businesses can choose their level of involvement. According to ____________These â€Å"levels† can be described as the models of corporate social responsibility: economic, philanthropic, social web/citizenship, and integrative strategic. The economic model represents a company’s primary desire to produce goods and services with the motive of seeking profit in a legal manner. The philanthropic model integrates the economic CSR model with the desire to contribute to social needs. Philanthropy may exist for reputational or public relations purposes, or because the company/organization simply desires to do the right thing. The â€Å"social web†/citizenship model involves business’ embedment into social relationships in which mutual rights and responsibility is of the utmost importance. Lastly, the integrative strategic model is when a company’s involvement in CSR part of its DNA and reason for existence. In other words, the business’s primary mission is to serve the global community by setting g oals and meeting social needs. An

Protests Riots Of The United States - 1662 Words

Protests riots in the United States has proven to an issue for both the country’s financial strength and the unity of the nation. With the presence of social injustices, combined with the increased impact of social media propaganda, protests riots are beginning to reach an all time high. Protest riots destroy individual communities and businesses, jeopardizes the safety of others and taints the protest’s cause by resorting to civil disobedience. Action must be done in order to prevent these random acts of violence from continuing after every social hot topic. The goal is not to prevent citizens from protesting; in fact, this should be encouraged. The goal is to change the way the protests are handled from both the citizens and authority perspectives, in order to prevent these protests from escalating into something dangerous. There are three solutions that need to be introduced in order to correct the problems caused by protest riots. If police officers change their approach when dealing with protests, there is a smaller chance that a protest will escalate into a riot. Also if there are hidden cameras implanted around the community and inside policer officer uniforms more people will be caught for their actions.If rioters embrace a more peaceful approach toward social injustices, they will be higher regarded by the general public. Purvi Shah, a demonstrator in the 2014 Ferguson protest, described her first account experience in the middle of the Ferguson riot. â€Å"I close myShow MoreRelatedThe Ferguson Riots And Racial Profiling Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pagesso many have occurred in the relatively short existence of the United States. One particular movement in current history is the Ferguson protests of 2014 that were marked by rioting in the streets of the small St. Louis suburb. These riots serve to show the significant unrest surrounding the way black people are treated in this country as well as to demonstrate that racism is still a very large problem in our society. The Ferguson riots were a product of a long period of discrimination towards andRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States1415 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police abuse is one of the most violated human rights in the United States. Police are portrayed as heroes that stop bank robbers, stop kidnappings and catch murders, but as of recent year’s police actions have come into the public eye. While typically citizens worry about their safety from criminals, it also seems they have to keep an eye out for the people who are supposed to protect them from danger. Thousands of complaints about police brutality is reported each year, and seemsRead MoreEssay about The Beatles and the concept of Free Love619 Words   |  3 PagesWhat followed the seemingly small culture, was a revolution. The long road to peace was paved with riots, bombings, and virtual war zones, in which many young hippies changed the meaning of peace, forever. â€Å"Flower power† was a sort of slogan used in the 1970s to describe the passive resistance ideology. It started because of the Vietnam War (Hall). The term was used during rallies across the United States especially in San Francisco and New York. Now, because of the fear of the â€Å"Domino Theory†, The URead MoreThe Black Lives Matter Movement921 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is one of the most sensitive subjects being debated on a daily basis in the United States. It is also a subject that will always prove to be relevant for years to come. Throughout its short history, racism has played major roles in the development of this nation – from the slave trade days of the early 1600s up until the Black Lives Matter movement of today. The Black Lives Matter movement was created in 2012 after the murder of Trayvon Martin by George Zimmerman who was later acquittedRead MoreMass Media Has The Power Of People Of Minds Of Masses1485 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge about current events occurring across the nation or the world. Since the majority of Americans get news from the cable TV sources, it is important for them to give an accurate report without any bias. Since last two years, racial issues in United States have revived. Many accuse media, especially Fox news and CNN, of fueling these issues with their bias approach to the problem. (American Press Institute). Fox news is the cable TV channel targeted towards conservative, right-wing, Americans andRead MoreBlack Lives Matter : The Civil Disobedience Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Lives Matter is a rather recent movement that has developed in the United States as a result of the African American community claiming that police officers target and shoot Afri can Americans due to their race. Their aim is to raise awareness of claimed police brutality against African Americans and hopefully increase restrictions on the police forces by taking away the right to defend themselves if they, the policemen, feel endangered. The movement â€Å"Black Lives Matter† was founded officiallyRead MoreBaltimore Riots : Option 1992 Words   |  4 PagesBaltimore Riots: Option 1 Race riots are one of the major news items we hear about via the media when a social crisis occurs. The riots in Baltimore, however, were not so much about race, but more about economic and social class separations. The riots began as a peaceful protest amongst the citizens of Baltimore over the death of one of their own, Freddie Gray. Gray was a young, African-American, from a financially lower class area of Baltimore. Unfortunately, he died while in custody of theRead MoreEssay On Police Brutality791 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States, but a global problem with six other countries participating including Europe, Africa, England, Amsterdam, Ireland and the United Kingdom. In 1991 the brutal beating of Rodney King by the Los Angeles police was a moment in history that now defines the way that African Americans are treated by police officers. Since 1991, police brutality has gone up 66% according to USA Today. In 1992 a riot was formed to protest against police brutality, this was one of the biggest riots in TheRead MoreThe Riots And Its Effect On Public Buildings935 Words   |  4 PagesUnfortunately, even though the gangs were a force for good during the riots, it has not subdued the crime that followed in the riots aftermath. Because of the police being leery of sanctions against them for perceived police brutality, crime has risen to a 15 year high in Baltimore. This appears to have to do with the criminal element realizing the caution of the police and the police themselves afraid of incarceration due to misconduct (Sanburn, 2015). Those Affected Baltimore is the largestRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Protest in American History Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesexample of a group of protests that had many different outcomes. The Kent State shootings and the Democratic Convention of 1968 are examples of protests that went terribly wrong. Sit-ins and singing protest songs against violence are examples of peaceful protest. The Democratic Convention of 1968 took place in Chicago, Illinois. This convention is known as the people’s convention because it was put on during a time of confusion and turmoil over the Vietnam War and youth protests that had sprung up

Cyber Bullying Among Our Children - 1617 Words

Kids and young teenagers like to use their cell phones and go online to email, video chat, watch videos, instant message, play games, and do homework. But occastionally the way they talk to one another can get scary or mean. Because so much communication is done online, and over text message its really important for kids to acknowledge that their words can cause unintentional harm. Ones intentions, accompanying the state of their behavior, are important factors in deciding whether or not cyberbullying occurred. Occasionally being mean is accidental, but when kids use the Internet and cell phones to purposely upset someone else over and over, thats cyberbullying. Advice kids to establish affinity for others. Talk to your kids and explain†¦show more content†¦Part of this stems from the newness of research in this area. Part of this also stems from the fact that perpetrators are often anonymous, and victims are often unwilling to come forward for fear that their parents will protect them by revoking their computer privileges. We do know, however, that cyber bullying occurs most frequently among middle school students, particularly those in seventh and eighth grades. Researchers have also found a link between cyber bullying and social anxiety. Both victims and perpetrators have higher levels of social anxiety than individuals not involved with cyber bullying. For victims of cyber bullying, heightened levels of social anxiety are not all that surprising when one considers that almost 50% of the individuals in one study did not know the identity of the person who cyber bullied them. The suffering experienced at the hands of bullies can l ead some victims to commit suicide, or as it is sometimes called, bullycide. In 2009, the National Center for Education Statistics reported that almost one in three students between the ages of 13 and 18 had been bullied in school. A survey by the Cyberbullying Research Center found that one in five students ages 10–18 had been the victim of cyberbullying. Particularly vulnerable are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) students. A 2009 report by the Gay Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN) found that 90% of LGBT students had experiencedShow MoreRelatedCyber Medi The Virtual War1094 Words   |  5 PagesCyber-bulling: The Virtual War Bullying is a term that most of us recognize. We have either experienced it first hand or been a witness to it. Due to the precedent of today’s technology and the high speed Internet, bullying has evolved into a virtual war zone and the casualties, unfortunately are our youths. As stated by Cross, Dooley, and Pyzalski (2009) cyber-bullying by definition is â€Å"an aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedlyRead MoreThe Spreading of Cyber Bullying1599 Words   |  6 Pages Cyber bullying is a growing problem and has moved to the forefront of public concern in recent years due to a large number of incidents that have received media attention (Tokunaga, 2009). Most recently, a case involving a 12-year old girl who committed suicide as a result from cyber bullying received national attention. This case occurred in Polk County, Fl., and has been described as one of the most tragic cyber bullying stories of o ur time (Hellmich, 2013). Rebecca Sedwick of Lakeland, FlaRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Our Youth930 Words   |  4 PagesCyber-bulling â€Å"Cyber-bullying and its Effect on our Youth,† has released some useful information to American Osteopathic Association directed by unknown author and Dr. Jennifer N. Caudle, certified family physician. Dr. Caudle approaches to parents while she breaks down some statistics that could potentially prevent cyber bullying. Although, the author of the article along with Dr. Caudle does not reveal sufficient information of cyber bullying, the information given can be wisely incorporatedRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1536 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been an extreme issue all around the world for hundreds of years, and since modern technology has advanced, so has cyber bullying. â€Å"‘Gimme’ your lunch money† has turned into texting and posting gruesome threats and embarrassing material all over social media. Millions of kids all over the world have taken their own lives due to the harmful effects of cyber bullying. Problems that cann ot be resolved independently are brought to court, and the government has become increasingly involvedRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects On The World Wide Web787 Words   |  4 PagesForms of Bullying According to the article, Cyber bullying and Physical bullying in Adolescent Suicide, Bullying can come in many forms; there are four types of bullying forms: the most common-physical, verbal, relational (spreading rumors) and lastly, cyber. Cyber bullying is one of the newer forms of bullying being that the world-wide web is still fairly new in the 21st centuryevery form of bullying can create some type of negative response from the victim at hand, however, victims of cyber bullyingRead MoreBullying And Suicide : A Public Health Approach1025 Words   |  5 Pagesabout bullying and the alarming effects it has on our society. Bullying is defined by the Center for Disease and Control (CDC) as â€Å"any unwanted aggressive behavior(s) by another youth or group of youths who are not siblings or current dating partners that involves an observed or perceived power imbalance and is repeated multiple times or is highly likely to be repeated.† (â€Å"Featured Topic: Bullying Resear ch† ) There are many forms of bullying, including but not limited to physical bullying, verbalRead MoreHarassment And Bullying On Social Media1568 Words   |  7 PagesHarassment and Bullying on Social Media What is the history of this topic? Since the beginning of time people have always had an instinct for the desire to survive. Through this instinct of survival comes competition, where people feel the need to surpass others to get what they want, which has not changed as humans have evolved (Donegan, 2012, p.34). The aspect of competition occurs in many aspects of our life including in our education, social and economic systems. In the U.S., capitalistic societyRead MoreBullying Has Been A Big Problem In Our School System For1745 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been a big problem in our school system for many years, but it has escalated over the past decade due to the new era of modern technology. Unanimously, we can agree that our daily lives greatly depend on technologies; the internet, cellphones, computers, tablets, IPad etc. Although the uses of technology positively impacted our lives, there is also the downside when it uses have negative connotations. For instance, modern technology made it very easy to engag e in cyberbullying, perpetratorsRead MoreEssay on A Speech on Bullying1047 Words   |  5 Pagestoday is Bullying. It is all around us, everyone bullies, no matter what you think or have done, you’ve most likely bullied someone. There are many issues in the news that involve bullying and bad things that happen, aswell as people being affected from people bullying them. Bullying is happening everywhere and the chances that you will encounter it are high. Around the world bullying is big particularly within schools and online in cyber space. With all schools talking about bullying and theRead MoreHow Social Media Improved Communication? Essay876 Words   |  4 Pagescommunication and pretty much of knowing anything and everything around the world these days, and it is growing very rapidly. It changes and affects each person in a different way, or ways. Some may argue that social media has a bad influence on children and young adults, and that it negatively effects their brains, character, or personalities, while most people see that the social media has a more positive effect on them than a negative one. Moreover, social media has helped many people around the

Corrections Trend Evaluation Free Essays

Corrections Trend Evaluation Daysha Hopkins CJA-394 May 7, 2012 Hector Garcia Ed. D Abstract Throughout the United States, there are many correctional facilities that house thousands of inmates. Individuals who work within these facilities have a tough job in maintaining the prison facility and the inmates. We will write a custom essay sample on Corrections Trend Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Correctional officers are called the front line workers and are responsible for looking after the inmates. The officers who work for the correctional facility deal with issues that may arise inside and outside of the facility. The subject to discuss is to evaluate the past, present, and future trends pertaining to the development and operation of institutional community based corrections. An identification and analysis of current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators today and the role/issue of alternate correction systems as a developing trend will also be discussed. Past, Present, and Future Trends that Pertain to Institutional Community Based Corrections There are many different trends that correctional facilities have used in the past and these trends have continued on to modern day. Many people may wonder if these trends are going to continue into the future or if these trends can be put to a stop. One trend that correctional facilities have used in the past and has carried on into the future was the lack of rehabilitation services that are offered to inmates. When inmates go to a correctional facility it is usually because of crime that the inmate has committed. There are many reasons why an inmate can be sent to a correctional facility, these reasons can be from drug abuse, committing murder, or something from the individual’s life-style that has triggered this behavior. Because of reasons such as the ones listed above, the inmate(s) should be allowed to get treatment or go through a rehabilitation program so that there is an understanding of where the problems first began. The purpose of rehabilitation is to educate offenders and motivate offenders to make a better life for themselves and everyone around them when he or she is released from the facility (Saunders, M. ,2006). There is not enough data that shows that treatment and rehabilitation programs will reduce criminal behavior in an offender and keep the offender from re-offending. Once an offender is released from an institution, he or she may have an idea about the way an institution is ran by his or her demeanor and attitude one he or she is released from the facility. Community based correction programs are about as important as a lock-down facility. These types of programs are designed to hold the inmate accountable for his or her actions, but also hold the communities responsible for reducing crime. Individuals who work toward reducing crime with the help of community based programs are also working hard to keep the community members involved in reducing crime, but also help the community understand how to manage offenders and get the offenders reintegrated back into the community (Evans, D. , 2004). Another trend that has caused issues for correctional facilities is gangs within the prison facility. Gangs within a correctional facility have been an ongoing issue for many years. There are so many members of gangs that are incarcerated and these gang members when brought into a correctional facility also bring his or her beliefs that his or her gang is the best. When members of the same gang become incarcerated in the same correctional facility, the prison gang grows and this causes a risk in harming the other inmates as well as the staff that works for the correctional facility. One main issue with gang members incarcerated is that the members are still able to communicate with each other and other members who are on the outside of the correctional facility. Gang members who are incarcerated continue to work and communicate with his or her members on the outside. There are also members of other gangs who are murdered while incarcerated because of the communication going on from one member to another whether the gang member was incarcerated or the gang member was on the outside (Cohn, 2006). Current and Future Issues Facing Prisons and Prison Administrators One of the biggest issues that prisons and prison administrators are facing today is over-crowding. There are so many offenders who are imprisoned and there is not enough space for all these inmates to be placed, but this does not stop prisons from getting more inmates. This issue is not only a huge problem, but it is a burden on the prison system, the administrators, and state and local governments. Not only is over-crowding a problem, but there is also not enough funding for these prisons with the amount of inmates that the correctional facilities are trying to hold. Many researchers have said that privatizing prisons may be a better solution for the criminal justice administration, but in all reality, the cost is about the same. The main issue that private ran facilities have is management. Private facilities have been scrutinized for the way that inmates are treated and the amount of health services inmates are getting. Another issue that prison and prison administrators are facing today is the re-entry of inmates back into society. Many inmates need to have basic knowledge of being in communities and to do this; some inmates are allowed to work in the community. When an inmate works in the community and then commits a crime, then the community might think badly of the correctional facility that the offender was released from. Before an inmate is released back into the community, the inmate needs to go through a treatment program to work on his or her needs before interacting within the public. Without the funds for these programs, there could be a huge issue for the criminal justice administrations, the community, and the prison that the inmates are housed at. Community based programs are great programs for inmates to get involved with because this gives the inmate the opportunity to learn basic social skills, independent living skills, life skills, and job skills. These programs also allow for inmates to show the public what he or she is about and that he or she can do things right. These programs are also designed to help inmates learn the right ways of life and to also test them to see if he or she is ready to be released back into society or if he or she needs to be incarcerated for a little longer. Sometimes, the criminal justice system looks at restorative justice for inmates instead of a correctional facility (Inayatullah, 2002). With restorative justice, inmates work toward building relationships with the people that he or she has committed a crime against, such as the community and its members. Restorative justice is less expensive because the inmate is not locked down in a facility, but is in a rehabilitation facility. Conclusion There is so much to speak about when it comes to prisons and if the prison facilities are actually helping inmates to become better members of his or her community or if there is more harm taking place. Prison administrators work hard to try and change the inmates and instilling values into the inmates, but over-crowding and underfunding is a big issue that the facilities are facing. There is so much to be done in the future in order to help the corrections system for example, building more facilities, restorative justice, and placing inmates into community based programs to help the inmate work on his or her individual needs. References: Saunders, M. , (2006), The Evolution of Correctional Programs, http://www. aca. rg/pastpresentfuture/archivemessages. asp Cohn, E. , (2006), The Gang Culture Continues To Grow, http://www. aca. org/pastpresentfuture/archivemessages. asp Evans, D. , (2004), http://www. aca. org/pastpresentfuture/archivemessages. asp Austin, J. , Coventry, G. , (2001), Emerging Issues on Privatized Prisons, https://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/bja/181249. pdf Inayatullah, S. , (2002), Scanning For Correctional Futures, http://www. metafuture. org/Scanning%20for%20Corre ctional%20Futures%20%20Executive%20Summary. pdf How to cite Corrections Trend Evaluation, Essay examples Corrections Trend Evaluation Free Essays This paper is the writer’s evaluation based on research of past, present, and future correction trends In regard to the development and Implementation of institutional and community based corrections. There Is an urgent need to revamp the antiquated practice of the crime control methodology. The get tough on crime approach requires harsh sentencing laws that subject non-violent offenders to harsh sentencing laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Corrections Trend Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This has dramatically contributed to escalated prison populations. Reallocation and retribution is ineffective and has resulted in high recidivism rates. Inadequate rehabilitation programs that lack proper funding and substance and long determinate sentences make prison a revolving door for those inmates who lack family support in regard to financial and moral support. Convicted felons are not likely to find suitable employment because they lack the skill or viable training to prepare them for reintegration into society. The get tough on crime, or crime control method of Justice is a proven failure and the corrections system is faced with the task f revamping the system that reduces costs and addresses rehabilitation in serious manner. The switch to alternative sentencing Is the new trend in regard to punishing criminals. Alternative sentencing already affects almost twice the number of persons convicted of crimes. The prison population Is aging and the medical cost of these inmates is at levels that could not have been anticipated. The prisons are old and out dated and do dot conform to the needs of the aging prisoners. Specialized medical needs, inadequate space, and structural designs that are needed to make access to he prison facilities easier for older prisoners are not in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. (ACT). This further exacerbates the problem of diminished budgets by forcing the state and federal governments to settle lawsuits filed by inmates. Past The past methods of corrections evolved into several approaches in regard to punishment. In colonial days, prisoners were subjected to severe forms of corporal punishment that Included whipping and hanging. Theses physical types of punishments were condoned by the public and were accepted as Just and served as a deterrent for committing crimes. There was the medical approach that emphasized treatment for the offender and provided rehabilitation in the form of learning a trade offender become a productive part of society while they were incapacitated in prison or Jail. There were even attempts to lessen the severity of sentencing for capital offences. This was the first form of alternative sentencing. With the advent of prisons, there was a problem with disorderly conduct. This was mainly because there were no activities that adequately occupied the time of inmates. The earlier models of prisons were self-contained industrial compounds. Prisoners were actively engaged and prison sold the products the inmates produced. This made the prisons self-sufficient and gave the prison population trades that could be used when they were released. The depression was the reason for the collapse of the industrial model. Citizens were upset that prisoners were making products that could be manufactured by the citizens. Legislation was enacted that prevented prisons from making products that competed with civilian factories. The reasoning implied that the prisoners were there to be punished. This was the end of the industrial prison. New prisons had to be constructed to house the inmates because the industrial prisons were no longer adequate in regard to housing inmates. Prison administrator developed recreational activities such as movies and sports to mitigate the idle time of inmates. This was not as structured as the industrial prison model, but it occupied their time and quelled the frequent outbreaks of violence. Murrain’s and Roberts, 2009, â€Å"Chapter 16, Cycles in Orientation Towards the Sentencing of Criminal Offenders†). Present The sass’s presented a problem for the legislative branch of the government and orison officials. The general public did not feel safe in their communities. This prompted a get tough on crime approach that was based on the crime control mode l. This system was designed to incarcerate offenders for extended periods of time. Public sentiment drives the legislative process in regard to the laws that are enacted to control crime. There is also the belief that the politicians are solely responsible for the laws. The writer believes that the will of the citizens ultimately drives the legislation. There is evidentially support provided to support this. The enactment of three criteria regarding sentencing is an example of the citizens not feeling safe in their communities and the politicians reacting by passing laws that represent their sentiment. The sentencing called for enhanced punishments for repeat or habitual offenders, determinate sentencing, and safeguards that provided fair and equitable punishments regardless of the racial and ethnic make-up of the accused. There was legislation enacted that ensured that sentencing adhered to a standard that is non- discriminatory in nature and delivered Just deserts to the offenders. There were two legislative mandates that were enacted to provide oversight and regulate sentencing. The Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984 and the Sentencing Reform Act are interrelated in that one regulates the other. The Crime Control law focuses on the punishment and establishes sentencing criterion that is harsher and the Sentencing Reform Act establishes a standard in regard to applying the actual sentence to offenders. These programs are directed toward violent or severe offenders. Legislative initiatives include enhanced sanctions for sexual offenders as well. Habitual offender statute is widely accepted and used by the majority of the states. Most offenders are considered career felony offenders and incapacitation is a deterrent and a solution to get these offenders off the streets forever. This process because of mandatory minimums, and other determinate sentencing criteria. The habitual sentencing provides a problem regard to defining what felonies would fit the criteria as habitual. According to the law as it is written a felony is a felony. Now the statute presents treatment unfair to those offenders who have committed non-violent fences, but are considered habitual in the true sense of the statute. Career criminals use the law to avoid the statute by committing crimes in different jurisdictions. The problem with this statute is that there is no standard in regard to what type of felony is defined as a determining factor for this sentencing criterion. Truth in sentencing can be effective as a deterrent, but there is clarification that needs to happen. It is important to apply the law in a fair and equitable manner. The law is for habitual criminals who commit crimes of a violent nature, with guns or paeans, which cause serious bodily harm. It should not apply to lower classes of felonies that are non- violent in nature. (Murrain’s Roberts, 2009, â€Å"Chapter 16, Habitual Offender Statutes†) Sentence enhancements are guidelines for what were originally career criminals but later focused on crime committed with guns. This statute also applies to crimes that are sexual in nature. Drug convictions are included in sentence enhancement. This is the most controversial because drug offenders make up the majority of the inmate population in the country. The enhancement law affects the sentencing according to type of crime that is committed. The enhancement law does not affect the first time offender who uses a weapon but affects sentencing for all subsequent offenses. The drug enhancement law is applied for quantity, location, age of the person who the offender sold the drugs to, and the type of drug. Offenders that commit crimes frequently are also subjected to enhanced sentencing criterion. (Murrain’s Roberts, 2009, â€Å"Chapter 16, † Sentence Enhancement†). Certain sentencing disqualifies certain offenders from articulating in programs that require the interaction with community programs. Conviction for sexual crimes, murder, and alcohol offenses that result in loss of life, and certain drug offenses, (distribution or selling) prevents the offenders to be released to halfway houses and work release programs. The community members and the prison administration consider the risk too great a threat for these offenders to interact with the community. These offenders are released into a minimum- security facility because they require more supervision because of the nature of their crimes. Murrain’s Roberts, 2009, â€Å"Chapter 16, Restricted Housing†). Financial considerations are forcing the government and prison officials to look at alternative solutions that would mitigate sending offenders to Jail. Determinate sentences mitigate the use of parole of because offenders serve the mandatory minimum sentence, which meet the standard in regard for parole. Some states like Alabama eliminate parole because they satisfy their sentence requirement by requiring inmates to serve at least the mandatory minimum for their offenses. The cost to house offenders is not sustainable. There is already double the number of offenders serving alternative sanctions as compared to those who are incarcerated. The rate of incarceration is increasing at an astounding rate. The amount of criminals that are sent to prison is so overwhelming that the prison system is forced to release large numbers of non-violent inmates to make room for the new offenders. There is regard to enhanced sentencing. There are thousands of criminals serving life without parole sentences for non-violent offenses. The cost is astronomical to maintain inmates for the duration of their natural lives. Politicians are convinced that is the responsibility of the state and federal government to rehabilitate felons. This means financially too. According to A Living Death Life Without Parole For Nonviolent Crimes (2013), † 3,278 prisoners are serving LOOP for drug, property, and other nonviolent crimes in the United States as of 2012†³, (V. Findings: The use of Life Without Parole for Nonviolent Offenders). Conclusion There is one thing that remains a constant in regard to sentencing enhancement and other sentencing criterion. The costs are not sustainable to the state and federal governments. These ideas appear to deter crime, but the result of these laws has not deterred crime at all. The correction system has seen an increase in the number of incarcerations. There has to be clear and concise language regarding what type of felony is required to subject criminals to enhanced sentencing. First time offenders with non-violent offences should not be sentenced to LOOP. The corrections system and the government must find solutions to stop the rise of the prison population and not subject its citizens to this sentencing criterion without exceptions to the law. The age of the prison population is rising. Older inmates need more extensive medical treatment and modifications to the prison structures to eliminate hardship in accessing areas of the prison facility. Community sanctions are needed for non- violent prisoners to help them become productive members of society and earn a decent wage. There was little warning that a large prison population would become such a serious financial burden to the state and federal governments. America is considered the most civilized country in the free world. The prison population is not indicative of the term civilized, and is an embarrassment to the citizens of this great action. There will always a segment of criminals that need to be locked away, especially those who commit violent crimes. The government needs to concentrate on this segment of inmates and find a viable plan as to not apply enhanced sanctions on non-violent offenders. References: A Living Death Life Without Parole for Nonviolent Crimes. (2013). Retrieved from HTTPS://www. UCLA. Org/files/assets/111213a-loop-complete-report. PDF Murrain’s, R. , Roberts, A. R. (2009). Visions for Change. Crime and Justice in the Twenty- First Century (5th deed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection Database. How to cite Corrections Trend Evaluation, Papers

Twenty-One free essay sample

Johnson and Housman both characterize coming of age as a part of life. In To Sir John Lade , Johnson welcomes getting older in line 1, long-expected one and twenty. Housman ties coming of age with finding love. He mentions love several times throughout the poem, but not your heart away (line 4), but keep your fancy free (line 6). Housman states his point of becoming older through his first-person point of view and a regretful tone. He reminisces about when he was twenty-one. He looks back and he wishes he had heeded the counsel of the wise man. The wise man said, Give crowns and pounds but not your heart away (line 3-4), meaning material possessions come and go, but love should be kept. He notes that love is worth more than any amount of money. The wise man also warned, The heart out of the bosom was never given in vain, meaning love can entrap one. We will write a custom essay sample on Twenty-One or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Line 13-14 states, Tis paid with sighs a plenty and sold for endless rue, shows that Housman thinks love can leave one in misery or heartbroken. He is now twenty-two and agrees with the wise mans counsel by saying, tis true. Johnson brings about his point of growing older by his use of a nonchalant tone and his use of a third-person point of view. Johnson describes the coming of age as a lively time in ones life. Sir John has turned twenty-one and he has inherited a great deal of money. John was admonished to show the spirit of an heir (line 12) and to call the Bettys, Kates, and Jennys (line 9). Johnsons view on adulthood is very relaxed and he views it as a time to experience life. In line 17-18, John was told that Wealth was made to wander, let it wander as it will. Johnson shows that John should enjoy his newfound wealth and allow it to spend. Scorn their counsel and their pother, John was advised to overlook any fuss made about his wilful waste (line 26). Johnson had the ambition to live life as if it were to end the next day. The two poems captured getting older in two separate points of views. Housman had a sense of regret and doubt about his decisions made when he was twenty-one. Johnson depicted John as experiencing life to the fullest when he was twenty-one